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人在旅途野味丁烦闷的日子里总想写首诗送给你却总是静不下心于是带着你遥远的祝福踏上川流在风景线中的列车在你生活的海洋中去寻找温馨的港湾 2012年10月烦闷的一天,突然决定去离我较近的桂林、阳朔去走一走,于是,打好包,下午说走就走... 午饭后,在广东连南瑶族自治县的广场上了去连山的车,准备在那里再转车去广西贺州,那里车多好拦车。 下车后在连山一家小店买了瓶饮料,问了年轻貌美的女店主还有没有去广西贺州的车,她说还有(所有去贺州方向的车都要经过她店铺门口),她让我在她店门口等,说很快就会有车来,还给我一把椅子让坐下来等... 在等待过程中我开始找话和她聊天,得知她原来还在东莞某房地产公司做过中层管理,是个白领。我原来在深圳可是呆了18年,珠三角地区几乎跑遍了,自然我们有话聊了。那女孩是连山本地人,家人为了催她回家结婚,才逼她回来家乡的,小县城没有什么好工作可做,就自己开始了创业,开了一间专门卖阳江刀的小店,由于位置偏,生意不好做,加上男朋友又不顾店,喜欢打麻将,使得女孩十分苦恼,对前途感到渺茫,不知如何是好。她告诉我,在东莞追她的成功男人很多...偏偏回到家乡找了个不争气的男友。我留下了她的手机号码,想进一步和她联系,车也来了,我上了去贺州的车,准备在贺州扎营,第二天再坐车去阳朔的,可是上了车,计划全变了...因为又发生了一个故事... 车在傍晚7点多钟到了贺州车站,我在最后下车,下车后有个女孩站在大巴车门口突然问我"你下一站去哪里";？我说"我先去找个地方扎营,然后,第二天再转车去阳朔"。"那你去不黄姚古镇啊"?那女孩问我。我说"我没有打算去黄姚古镇"。我心想,你不会是拉客的吧!?她说"你可以先去黄姚古镇,然后再去阳朔啊"!我说"我没去过,不知离这里有多远,而且天黑了又没有公交车去了,打的士会很贵的"。那女孩说"我一看你上车背那个包就知道你是个资深驴友,我也是玩户外的,我家就在住在黄姚古镇附近"。我听那女孩这样一说,我立刻化解了对她警惕性,于是,我就和她聊开了... 原来那女孩是回家来参加堂弟的结婚大喜事,以前经常带驴友去她家扎营,那女孩人很热情,又在大巴车上认识一个中途在路上上车的一个来南方"漂泊游荡"的新驴,之所以说他是新驴,是因为那男孩第一次出远门玩"户外",让朋友在网上花了600元把帐篷、睡袋、背包、防潮垫全部买好了。后来,在我的指导下又重新买了个背包。后面细说。那女孩把那男孩叫过来跟我认识时,那男孩手里拖着一个行李车,到我身边一细看,行李车上拖着的是一个户外包。我见他的第一句话便是"我还没有见过拖着户外登山包玩户外的。 那男孩姓林,让深夜在线福利视频叫他"小林"。我问小林去不去黄姚古镇,他说,他听我的。然后,我问了那女孩,包车去需要多少钱,问到车价格合算的话,深夜在线福利视频就去,结果,问到一个顺路要回家的黄车司机,约30元一个人,于是,深夜在线福利视频三个人就上了去黄姚古镇方向附近的私家车,那私家车为了多赚钱,又拉了二个上来,一部小车就这样挤进了5个人。在路上,我问女孩怎么称呼她，她说叫她百合书好了。在聊天过程中，既然得知百合书认识我一个深圳登协一个领队班一起参加培训的同学"风景",真是无巧不成书啊!天下如此之小。于是,深夜在线福利视频聊得更加投缘... 晚上，深夜在线福利视频到了百合家里。百合书说明天一大早天不亮就要起来带深夜在线福利视频走山路徒步二小时去黄姚古镇逃票进去。 这个左面的女孩就是百合书,深夜在线福利视频去黄姚古镇的徒步路上,还有小林... 百合书带深夜在线福利视频成功逃票进了黄姚古镇后,还要忙着去找她妹妹一起赶集市采购食品回家办酒席,就交待了我回程的线路有二条,一条是坐车弯路绕道回去,还有一条就是原路徒步翻山返回。我和小林一直逛到下午就早早地徒步返回。 介绍一下小林小林家在吉林,家族做药品生意,由于不好做,生意萧条就出来到南方走走,完全没有目的性,买到广州的火车票在韶关就下火车了,去了南华寺、丹霞山后,又边走边搭车到了连州,准备往广西方向走,走在路上累了就随手拦截到了,我和百合书同坐的大巴车,我是倒数第二个中途上车的,小林是最后一个上车的。 我和小林下午从古镇回来后,上到我们扎营的二楼平顶上吃惊发现,我的帐篷被鞭炮炸出来5、6个小洞,仔细检查才发现都是帐篷门帘处烧坏了,不影响我的行程和野外露营,这事情我也没有告诉百合书,我是沾了她家的喜事了。 又在书家楼顶上露了一晚上,第二天一大早百合书的爸爸用摩托车拉我和小林,分两次把深夜在线福利视频拉到十几公里的路边去搭车到阳朔,还把司机师傅的电话号码告诉了我,在此,我借此机会向热心的百合书和她朴实的父亲深深道个谢!感谢一天二夜在她家的吃住和热情接待... ([]
最新章节： 第521章 从前有座灵剑山 （ 2025-06-13 02:36:59）
更新时间： 2025-06-13 00:48:39
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亚洲国产中欧无矿砖一线二线天天精综综合
许儒吟从没有出过国门的我，看到了国庆自助游俄罗斯的召集帖子，感觉秋日的北方大国应该是风景绚丽的，一念之下联系了发帖人，然后冲动地拍下了往返莫斯科的飞机票，那个时候是2012年5月9日，正值普金重返俄罗斯政坛的日子。 之后好像觉得时间很多啊，可以看很多资料啊，这样的暗想下晃到了9月了，买火车票，订回程票。却几乎没做什么功课就来到了准备出发的时间了。时光就是这么简单地在反复中从一百多天变成一天或者两天的记忆，还是出行好，出行在外的日子，会因为与平常不同，哪怕一个小时，你都能记得她的内容和意义。深夜在线福利视频的生活想要多留一些印记，就需要多一点出行。 什么是俄国？ 是托尔斯泰的《安娜卡列琳娜》、《战争与和平》、《复活》，还是普希金的《假如生活欺骗了你》？ 是《三套车》、《红梅花儿开》，还是柴可夫斯基的《天鹅湖》？ 是保尔柯察金，还是卓娅与舒拉？ 是彼得大帝、叶卡琳娜二世，还是列宁、斯大林？ 是加加林，还是霍尔金娜...... 那个世界上疆土唯一跨11个时区的国家，那个诞生了无数的思想家、艺术家、科学家、优秀运动员的沃土，那个第一个进入宇宙的强大的军事国家..... 脑子空洞的、混沌地、模糊着俄罗斯的形象。 直到旅行归来近两个月的现在，我迟迟不肯动笔，皆是因为我的脑海依然混沌不清，梳理不了对她的思绪，唯一清晰的是我需要更多的时间沉淀，更多地去品读她、感受她、欣赏她！ 这是一组无序的预告片，下来的文字和图片肯定有很多缺失，我只是以一个自助游的过客的身份，匆匆的走进这个国家，而且丝毫不懂俄文，留下的空白，就有待其他人去丰富和填补了。 旅行就是这样，向往憧憬，然后去经历，从字面图片到身体意识，那么多的想象因为脚步的移动，最终变成鲜活的片段，留在你的脑海里！ 或许就此成为你的一部分！ 我看到帖子下方提醒，一个帖子只能上传三张照片，我在大脑里努力搜索，希望找出对俄罗斯最深刻的三个感受，它们是哪三个方面呢？ 一、俄罗斯的教堂 二、俄罗斯的园林 三、俄罗斯的美女本文1-6页游记，后接第19-20页，再接31，33-40页，47-61页看美女的到38页、55-56页 先看看深夜在线福利视频这次的行程D1（9月30日）, 早晨从深圳到香港入关（29日抵达深圳），飞往北京，再从北京飞莫斯科，一天吃在飞机上，乘坐晚上1130前往圣彼得堡的火车，夜宿火车；D2（10月1日），清晨抵达圣彼得堡，找好家庭旅店，开始“西餐”生活。坐地铁在列宁广场转公汽前往“皇村”，下午参观圣伊萨大教堂及十二月党人广场，步行涅瓦河大街，宿圣彼得堡；列宁广场皇村圣伊萨大教堂 D3（10月2日），上午去夏宫，乘船游芬兰湾抵达冬宫游览，中午露餐面包，晚餐吃牛排大餐，夜逛彼得堡临街小店，宿圣彼得堡；夏宫芬兰湾冬宫 D4（10月3日），早晨到弗拉基米尔教堂感受东正教仪式， 上午去彼得要塞，下午去滴血大教堂、喀山教堂，逛涅瓦河大街上百货公司，晚上乘火车回莫斯科，宿火车；滴血大教堂 D5（10月4日），清晨抵达莫斯科转火车去金环弗拉基米尔镇，游览圣母升天教堂及悠闲小镇，之后转汽车前往苏兹达尔镇，晚餐在镇上四星园林宾馆吃鱼子酱等，宿苏兹达尔； D6（10月5日），游览苏兹达尔，临时改变行程当天不回莫斯科而继续留住小镇，晚餐买菜做饭，吃了一顿典型的中国餐，晚上散步感受莫斯科郊外的夜晚，宿苏兹达尔；D7（10月6日），碰巧遇到一年一度的赶集节，又改行程，一直玩到下午1点多坐车到弗拉基米尔镇，转长途汽车回莫斯科，夜游莫斯科地铁，宿莫斯科；集市上，边唱边卖，“咱们的大饼最好吃”（猜的啊！唱的什么听不懂）家里种的南瓜、土豆、萝卜、苹果......手工做的针织用品，统统都是自己做的！小洋娃娃带着小老鼠今天也来卖南瓜，好大的南瓜啊！ D8（10月7日），乘地铁到新圣女公墓及修道院，中午吃日本餐，随后参观莫斯科大学，后乘船游览莫斯科河，晚上兵分两路，看马戏和芭蕾舞（未果），夜宿莫斯科；新圣女公墓莫斯科河上观卢日尼基奥林匹克综合体育馆 D9（10月8日），游览克里姆林宫、红场等，逛“古姆”国立百货商场，下午4点前往莫斯科机场，在机场免税商店购伏特加酒，730的飞机离开莫斯科，宿飞机上；雨中红场莫斯科“古姆”百货商店内D10（10月9日），早晨7点多抵达美丽北京，回到祖国怀抱，中午乘火车返回武汉。一碗清粥释思念 2012年的中秋节与国庆紧密相连，还没出门的时候，我就在想，今年的中秋我会在哪里欣赏明月？ 深夜在线福利视频购买的机票是从香港起飞到北京，再从北京转飞俄罗斯。29日深夜在线福利视频抵达深圳会合，第二天清晨6点，出发前往深圳的罗湖海关，过关后打车前往香港飞机场，8：30准时起飞。在香港机场碰头的是四位女士和一对夫妇，另外一位男士将在圣彼得堡与深夜在线福利视频会合，一共七人同行，深夜在线福利视频自发组成 一个团队，小队长是年纪最小的zl——这次活动发帖的召集人。 第一次坐那么长时间的飞机，从北京到莫斯科飞了大概7个半小时，睡觉、喝饮料、吃饭、上厕所、聊天、看录像、看书看杂志、伸懒腰、四处走动……. 从拘谨的扣着保险带到随意的来来去去；机上中国人的脸孔居多，不过看着老外也不觉得陌生，感觉飞机上像是一个临时封闭的小party，大家散漫而自在地各行其是，适当地保持着这种近距离却松散的关系。 飞机上显示屏，不断显示着我们的距离和空中航拍图，五千米甚至一万米，一万三千米，我突然想起那首迪克牛仔的歌曲“远离地面快接近三万英尺的距离，思念像粘着身体的引力还拉着泪不停地往下滴，逃开了你，躲在三万英尺的云底……” 而此刻，三万英尺的不是在云底，而是云层之上，深夜在线福利视频距离太阳更近，月亮更近。 这是我的2012年的中秋之夜吗？俄罗斯的上空，深夜在线福利视频与明月齐肩！ 可惜，还没等看到月亮，我们就落地了，俄罗斯与中国的时差是4个小时，俄罗斯特别擅长的就是阴天，等深夜在线福利视频从飞机上走出来的时候，就发现四周阴沉沉的，气温低了很多。 都说进入俄罗斯海关检查很严，不让带水果点心之类的。我还是悄悄带了月饼和一些萝卜干，实际上都顺利过去了。出海关，换卢布，然后就是购去往火车站的市内快车票。 听说俄罗斯的交通也是很拥堵的，的士也不多，所以这次深夜在线福利视频多半都是坐市内火车或者地铁，要不就坐公汽，从没打过的士。这是深夜在线福利视频在机场的自动购票机前购买前往火车站的城市列车票 莫斯科的火车站有9个之多，不同的火车站是对应开往不同城市的火车，深夜在线福利视频的小zl事前都搜索了那些地名和站名，从今天起，深夜在线福利视频就开始了拿着打印地图和名称到处问人的自助行走之路了。 深夜在线福利视频在飞机场购买的城市列车票直达去圣彼得堡的火车站，但是等到了那里，却发现偌大个火车站，竟然半个英文都没有，这可是俄罗斯的首都，这可是开往第二大城市圣彼得堡的火车站啊，应该也是最大的火车站吧，竟然没有英文示，可见俄罗斯的封闭和保守，这算不算大国沙文主义的遗风呢？ 深夜在线福利视频拖着行李从这边到那边，半天找不到哪里是候车处，天下着雨，地上都是水，问了几个人都搞不清，甚至警察也指错了方向，当时内心有点打鼓，在这种完全不通语言的地方，自助行是否太冲动了点？ 几经周折，终于找到了候车处，也是大出意料，竟然这么狭小破旧，几排简陋的椅子，旁边有几个小吃店，比起国内各大城市宽大亮丽的候车厅，这个候车厅真是一个丑小鸭。 难道俄罗斯城市之间流动的人口很少吗？ 幸好有那么几个小时的时差，深夜在线福利视频才有那么多时间来找地方，然后穿上羽绒服或者冲锋衣在寒冷中等着上火车。 这是火车站的候车室，就那么几个座位，中间是行李通道，候车的人寥寥无几。候车厅一角，有情侣在吻别下接第5页 小zl之前就在网上订购了火车票，也用A4纸打印出来，在站台上，深夜在线福利视频拿出护照，给列车员核对姓名，然后列车员就会告诉深夜在线福利视频的铺位号，感谢阿拉伯数字，感谢这个在全世界通用的符号，难以想象如果是如中文汉字般的俄文数字，我们又该怎样。 这列火车都是卧铺车厢，车厢比国内的要狭窄，但设计很有意思，像软卧一样只有两层，下面的床铺是可翻动的，翻起来后将行李放到格子里，放上床板，能保证行李的安全。靠窗那边，平时是一个桌子两个椅子，睡觉的时候就把桌子放下来，也是一张整床，这样，一个档口还是睡六个人，不过排列不一样了。 这样的卧铺空间够高的，但床铺又窄又短，真是令人纳闷，深夜在线福利视频睡上去不小心脚都会出来，人高马大的罗斯族人怎么够睡呢？这点到后面参观之后，才了解了所以然，且当后表。 一夜卧铺下来，有三个方面的感受。 首先，与中国不同的是，卧铺床是没有铺好的，每个床铺上只有卷好的垫絮和棉被，旁边会有一套卧具，包括床单、被套、枕套、毛巾，全是白色的，装在一个塑料袋里，一看就是清洗干净的。 深夜在线福利视频学着俄罗斯人的摸样，自己铺好床，装好被子和枕头，（毛巾是给洗脸用的）。等第二天早晨再把床单、被套、枕套和毛巾都取下来送到列车员处，自己收拾好床铺，卷好被子和床垫。（之后深夜在线福利视频到家庭旅店，也都是如此发送床上用品的。） 这种自助的模式能让人感觉用具的洁净，但实施的关键是需要人们自觉收拾，自觉归还。 一节车厢的顶头左边是一个巨大的垃圾桶，人们有垃圾都是自觉地放到那个垃圾桶，另外一头是列车员的房间，房间门口是热水桶和一个装满了小吃食品的大盘子，列车到站列车员就把那个盘子收起来，等车发动了再端出来放在外面，上面有巧克力、咖啡和一些袋装小吃食品，都有价格，人们要买就自觉放零钱在上面，因为列车员是经常 不在附近的，（相当于中国那些穿梭在各车厢的流动食品车，只是物品没有那么丰富）， 我去倒水的时候看着那个盘子不免感慨，真的没人偷吗？那些物品和零钱真的那么安全吗？（拍的照片因为火车晃动不清晰了，没放上来） 还有一个明显的感觉，车厢里无论有多少人，都非常安静，也有俄罗斯人在结伴说话的，但都只是轻声耳语，旁人是听不到声音的。这与深夜在线福利视频国内在车厢里大声地说笑及随意吃食品完全不同。这种体验在之后的地铁、公汽、城市列车上及（没有中国参观团的）景点都能感觉出来，安静的公共场所俄罗斯各处所见。 自助式铺床、没有人看守的小吃售卖盘以及安静的车厢，这些细节是不是一块反光镜，照出俄罗斯民族的素质和文明。 作为经常出行的中国人，深夜在线福利视频是否需要对自身的行为和习惯进行反思呢？折叠好的干净的一袋用品 躺在干净的床单和被子里面，感觉很安心，很喜欢这种安静地移动空间，也喜欢上了这种网上结伴而行的方式，大家一路相互照顾，但却无需多的寒暄和言语，经常保持着各自的思考空间，这给我这个喜欢胡思乱想的人，提供了绝好的驰骋之地。 不知怎么就想到了安娜卡列尼娜，她就是在圣彼得堡开往莫斯科的列车上遇到的沃伦斯基，她就是在这趟奔驰的列车上踏入了改变自己命运的启程，曾经那个品德高贵，教养十足，美丽大方，受人尊敬的上流社会的模范妻子，为追求爱情离经叛道，以致最后为爱而亡。这个复杂的俄罗斯女性文学形象，甚至比真实的人物产生更大的影响，一直在世间流传。 火车的终点站，就是安娜的城市，圣彼得堡，这个曾经的帝王之都，会承载怎样的繁华，深夜在线福利视频还能否寻觅到她所依附的那份上流社会的喧哗和骄傲…… 第二天天还没亮，深夜在线福利视频就到了目的地，走出火车站，发现雨停了，抬头望去，只见明月当空，这是从中国走过来的中秋月吧，深夜在线福利视频在圣彼得堡见面了！ 整齐的楼房和站前广场的方尖堆静静地矗立着，迎接着深夜在线福利视频的到来。 深夜在线福利视频网上联系的家庭旅店就在火车站附近，于是，大家 拖着行李兴高采烈地前往住所，准备开始深夜在线福利视频的圣彼得堡之旅！下接第6页 根据地址深夜在线福利视频找到了那个临街的小院，三面都有门，只有正对的门前亮着灯，看那样子，也像个家庭旅店的样子。但大门紧闭，怎么敲也没有反应，看门上贴有电话，打了半天没有人接。再拨一个电话，传出来的全是鸟语。 几个人在门前僵持了半个小时，终究没进到里面。大家决定先到街上去吃个早餐，然后等天亮了再想办法。 这家店是二十四小时营业的连锁店，虽是咖啡店但也有各种快捷西餐小吃。 店里没有客人，只有一个小伙子在柜台后面听歌，看到深夜在线福利视频进去，很热情地对深夜在线福利视频笑着，拿出菜单让深夜在线福利视频点。 菜单以俄文为主，但配有图片，而且有部分英文单词。 这是我点的猪肉卷，配一小碟酸奶，一共199卢布。 一顿早餐一下子就花去40元，还真是有点奢侈。而且，吃下去，感觉是没吃饱的，不过想着两卷肉下去了，应该营养是够了的。 这刚开始呢，可不敢想念豆浆、油条、小米粥了。 这个猪肉卷正式拉开了深夜在线福利视频西餐的序幕！ 吃了小帅哥做的早餐，突然有人想到让他帮忙打电话，他是能听懂对方的表达的。这招果然好，小zl告诉他深夜在线福利视频的意思，他能听懂几个英语单词，也算明白了深夜在线福利视频的大意。他打完电话，告诉深夜在线福利视频具体的情况，深夜在线福利视频团队的那位男士出去寻找，竟然找到了旅店。之前我们敲了半天的地方原来是错误的，并不是那家，而是旁边右手边的那栋，门小得很，门前也没灯，难怪晚上深夜在线福利视频找不到了。深夜在线福利视频到得太早，订的房间还没有空出来，大家简单的洗漱一下，把行李放在过道上，一致决定先出去玩了再说。嘿嘿，这下，深夜在线福利视频可以出门了！ 后接第19页 走不远就看到清晨的那个火车站，天这么蓝，方尖堆在阳光下变了模样。一直都听说圣彼得堡一年晴不了六十天的，深夜在线福利视频来的头天就奖励给深夜在线福利视频一个大晴天，嘿嘿，真是幸运，回家继续攒人品！（他们说人品好就会出行遇到好天气！）深夜在线福利视频今天的计划是去“皇村”，必须先坐地铁，然后转公交。那么接下来就是找地铁站。深夜在线福利视频这几天做得最多的一件事就是“找”，找地铁、找车站、找旅店、找景点等等，自助游因为有不断地寻“找”显得更加丰富多彩。估计火车站里肯定有地铁，深夜在线福利视频就从昨晚出来的地方又进去。白天来看圣彼得堡的这个火车站，感觉比莫斯科的那个好多了，墙上巨大的圣彼得堡的地图，相对宽敞的候车厅，还有各种艺术的雕塑和壁画，已经让人感觉到了圣彼得堡的气息。进了地铁，才发现与国内的地铁差别太大了。 第一感觉就是特别深，踏上通往地铁的自动扶梯往下看，根本看不到底，估计从上到下得花二分钟，只见彩色精致的广告灯箱一个个向后移动，深夜在线福利视频就好像鼹鼠似的，一下子钻到地洞里了。 查了一下资料，圣彼得堡的地铁有些是建在地下100-120处的地层中，其中至少有一个地铁站是世界上真正的深度最深的地铁站。一是因为地表层的原因，另外更重要的是战备的因素。据说，斯大林时代在建造这些地铁的时候，都是将其作为防空战备的场所，那个时候正是核武器发展迅速的时代，所以不惜巨资投入其中。地铁入口处深长的电梯把人们带入地底站台第二个感觉，是站台设计都不相同，各具艺术特点（这个特点在莫斯科地铁更为突出），站台头顶是彩色的壁画，墙壁是材质不同的雕塑，在顶棚还做了别致的石膏花边，俄罗斯民族的艺术性渗透在各个角落。 第三个感觉，发现有设计完全不同的候车通道。不知道是不是采用了不同的技术，有的跟国内一样候车站台是开放的；有的好像是一个封闭的空间，像地下通道一样，大理石的墙中间一道道全封闭的门，特别厚实，人们是无法知道是否有列车过来，只有等门开了，才可以直接进入车厢。普通的候车台全封闭的候车台 小zl招呼大家下车了，钻到地面上，发现川流不息的车流中间，竟然有一道很漂亮的凯旋门，前面还有几道有轨电车，很有特色的街景啊，先不管那些，过了马路拍照再说。一会小zl叫深夜在线福利视频了，“大家回地铁站。”原来深夜在线福利视频下错了站，早下了一站。哈哈，错了也好，错有错的景色！马路中间的凯旋门，听说圣彼得堡有四个这样的凯旋门，全部是由生铁做的，也不知道深夜在线福利视频是到的哪条街。凯旋门上的雕塑很精致，建筑物上都有配套的雕塑是圣彼得堡建筑的一大显著特点。看上面的数字，这个凯旋门是1830年左右建造的有轨电车在马路中间穿过。游记后接31页 下了地铁应该坐11路公汽，等了一会，过来一辆，等六个人还没上完就下来了，说是坐反了。过了地下通道到马路这边，就见着11路过去了，却不知道哪里是车站，几个人又浩浩荡荡地沿着车的方向去找。 真是佩服小zl，在一个路口，她竟然又跑回马路对面去问人，竟然还给她问到了，深夜在线福利视频就稀里糊涂到了一个广场，一看那个雕像就知道——列宁广场，又白捡一个景点。 看到这个雕像，想起了小时候看的一部电影《列宁在一九一八》，十月革命时圣彼得堡是苏维埃政权的司令部，列宁在这里领导了那场震惊世界的革命，为了纪念列宁，这座城市甚至在他遇害后被改名为列宁格勒，但时过境迁，现在俄罗斯对这个事件保留好感的人越来越少，很多人更愿意称那场革命是“政变”，是将俄罗斯带入苦难深渊的开端，圣彼得堡甚至出现过列宁雕像被炸的事件。 但不管怎样，列宁还在这里站着，像彼得大帝、叶卡捷琳娜二世一样站立在圣彼得堡城市的中央。 看来，俄罗斯民族对于自己的过去还是很包容的，所以，在这个城市深夜在线福利视频可以触碰到很多的历史痕迹，无论那段历史是红色的还是白色的。列宁演讲时的动作还在广场上留存，他的激情曾点燃的是一场革命正如诗人马雅可夫斯基所说：这里每一块石头都记得列宁。 圣彼得堡的公汽没有中国的公汽那么先进，深夜在线福利视频坐的是一辆像依维柯那样十几座的车，车上人一直不多，偶尔有几个人站着。 车上没有售票员，也没有专门的收款机器，大家上车，把钱放在司机旁边的引擎盖上，多部分都是自备零钱，如果需要找零，司机回过头来在旁边的盒子里找给顾客。给钱给得简单，收钱也收得很随意。 深夜在线福利视频把地图给司机看，司机比划了一下，35卢布一个人，深夜在线福利视频请他到站招呼深夜在线福利视频一下，也不知道司机听懂没有，反正他笑着点了点头。 坐在公汽上，一路欣赏圣彼得堡的风景，觉得很是惬意，到哪个城市都该去坐坐公汽，真正地坐在当地人中间，让公汽慢悠悠地带着你在城市中穿行，那样，你能真正感受到这个城市的气息和脉搏。 皇村在城市的南郊24公里外，公汽好像开了很久似的，停在一片小树林前面，乘客和司机都告诉深夜在线福利视频到站了，有人还指给深夜在线福利视频前面的路。 大家下来沿着公路走着，过了马路是一个转弯。 转过弯，大家不约而同地惊呼起来，完全被眼前的景色给震住了： 一条笔直的路，阴沉厚重的云朵前，左边是大片红黄相交的树林，形成一条彩色天然屏幕，一瞬间就出现那个词：开满花的树！那么壮观而气势，宏大中透着娇艳，只憾人心！ 树下是碧绿的草坪，草坪上都是落叶，一阵风过，红黄的叶子缓缓飘落下来，有的还飘到草坪边的流水中…… 环卫工人正在收拾草坪的树叶，好像在收拾自己的家园一般，他们的身影让画面更加鲜活，好像是一段注脚——劳动也是一种风景！游记后接第33页 后来才知道这就是叶卡捷琳娜花园的一侧树墙，参团的旅客可能是从其他的路过去的，他们直接就坐车抵达了皇村的门口，所以这条路上才这么清静，清静得如此绚烂。那些秋天的色彩随着脚步的挪动，缓缓拉开序幕，原来它们是衬托，它们的身影是为了那个蓝色金顶——光彩夺目的叶卡捷琳娜宫！ 深夜在线福利视频到了目的地“皇村”，她还有个名字叫“普希金村”，是因为普希金小的时候在这里读过6年书，而普希金被称为是俄罗斯民族语言的创作者，“俄国文学之父”，所以，人们为了纪念这位伟大的文学先锋，在1937年将这里改名为普希金村。 但短短的6年的读书生活，除了后人留下的一座雕像，整个宫殿和花园再也找不到普希金的痕迹，走到哪里都是皇家的气息。所以叫皇村还是最贴切的。 深夜在线福利视频进了园子，竟然看到的大部分都是中国旅游团队，熟悉的皮肤、面孔和声音，让深夜在线福利视频有回到了中国的感觉。 皇村分为几个部分，深夜在线福利视频还是先排队进入叶卡捷琳娜宫吧。 进入宫殿是需要单独买票的，（100卢布），这里屋里屋外温差很大，一般进入房间都会脱去外套，整个俄罗斯的这些室内参观场所都不允许带外套和背包进入，都必须存起来。所以，每个景点都有大范围的存包、存衣处，有专人的管理。这让我想起曾经看过的小说和电影的一些场景，那些外国人出席宴会、party之类的活动就是进门先脱去外套和帽子，将这些交给看管人，看来这是一种习俗了。我们就好比是那些被邀请的客人一般，嘿嘿，有点意思。 大家戴好鞋套，先上二楼吧。 非常幸运，正好有个中国旅游团进来，深夜在线福利视频就跟着一起了解这座宫殿吧。 18世纪初，彼得大帝为了夺取一个适合的出海口，打开面向西方的“一扇窗口”，对当时的北方强国瑞典发起了战争，在征战到今天叶卡捷琳娜宫的所在地时，遇到了特别顽强的抵抗，在浴血奋战后，终于攻克该地。彼得大帝感到好奇，于是抓来给一名瑞军俘虏询问，原来当时的瑞典国王很喜欢此地，希望在这里建一座行宫，彼得大帝听后笑了，说道：“回去告诉你们的国王，这里以后就属于俄罗斯了。” 战后，彼得大帝就将首都从莫斯科迁到了圣彼得堡。一次，彼得大帝来到他的一个宠臣家喝茶，被上茶的女茶奴的美貌所吸引，就索要了这位女茶奴，并一生宠爱她，封其为后，还就将这块地赐给了她，她当时只是让人简单的盖了一座二层小楼。她在彼得大帝死后成为俄罗斯新一代女沙皇，史称叶卡捷琳娜一世。她去世后，即位的伊丽莎白将那小楼拆除，在此地大兴土木，建成了今天的叶卡捷琳娜宫摸样，而她及后面的历代沙皇也经常前往此地度假，所以这里称为“皇村”，那个宫殿叫叶卡捷琳娜宫。([]
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童雅琪Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the locations of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the locations of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
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张家新读书或者旅行，身体或灵魂总要有一个在路上。这次西藏之行，没有计划，没有行程，伙伴一直在变化，一开始的4个，后来6个，又变成4个，到西藏之后大家随着行程不同分分合合。在西藏，在哪里都有遇见，遇见的都是最美的风景。山南，是指冈底斯山和念青唐古拉山以南，横阔420公里，纵长329公里，总面积8万多平方公里的地域，属典型的高原河谷平原地区。传说中神猴同罗刹女结合而诞出藏民之地。山南是藏文化的滥觞之地，是西藏的灵魂所在。山南以博大的胸怀和聪明才智创造出了瑰丽多彩的雅砻文化和西藏历史上的众多第一，有吐蕃王朝时期留下的藏王陵墓群，西藏第一座寺庙桑耶寺，第一座宫殿雍布拉康，松赞干布主持建造西藏最早的佛殿昌珠寺。。。山南，是一个温暖的名词。南面是向阳的，往往和阳光、蓝天白云联系在一起。那么山南那个地方也是一个温暖的地方吗？遇见山南，份安静祥和、温暖静谧的感觉却深深地坠入心底。阳光是灿烂的，风在你耳旁时而低语时而欢笑，吸入的空气温润且醉人心脾，迎面的笑靥如花，这是怎样的一个地方，天堂吗？ 先简单介绍下这次漫游的行程。6月1日 贡嘎机场--山南--昌珠寺--雍布拉康6月2日 山南--三安曲林乡--扎日6月3日-6月5日 徒步措嘎湖（深夜在线福利视频的藏族司机兼向导 顿珠 联系电话 18708030607 18089938850）6月6日扎日-隆子县-山南6月7日青朴修行地--桑耶寺6月8日山南--羊卓雍错--库拉岗日--洛扎县6月9日洛扎县--色乡--塞卡古托寺--洛卓窝龙寺--拉普温泉6月10日洛扎县--普莫雍错--羊湖-山南6月11日山南--加查县--达拉岗布寺6月12日加查--拉姆拉错--山南6月13日山南--措美县--哲古草原--山南6月14日 山南---扎央宗--山南6月15日 山南--措那--勒布沟6月16日 勒布沟--措那6月17日 措那--浪波沟--东章瀑布--山南--拉萨6月18日 拉萨---纳木措6月19日 纳木措--拉萨6月20日 返程先上几场图片吧 6月1日，云上的日子我相信万物中有某种力量驱使我不停前行 ，它是生命，过去和未来的源泉。 但深夜在线福利视频每每在原地踏步，却以为自己与世界同步变化。飞机喜欢坐靠窗口的位置，这次航班给了我一个大大的惊喜，飞机飞越的青藏高原上空，一场盛大的雪山盛宴在我面前铺陈开来，最精彩的当然是南迦巴瓦。飞机翅膀请自动忽略。灰机上看南迦巴瓦，冰雪的容颜，真是天宫玉宇，仿佛是天上的宫阙。俺们的领队怕怕，强驴一枚，这次是第10次进西藏了，这次行程大部分是怕怕规划的。阿俊，对女生超级有耐心的户外强驴。 本人，懒人一个，出行从来不做攻略，只知道跟着傻走，对于在西藏每天爬山，总是心存恐惧。爬山总是甩在最后一个，还好我的伙伴们没有抛弃我，哈。富贵，第一次进西藏就跟我们到5000+的地方来爬山，勇气可嘉。说话特别幽默，一路上是大家的开心果。 白开，独自来西藏旅行的菇凉，被俊哥捡到队伍里，一起去了拉姆拉错，措美和扎央宗。从贡嘎机场出来，立刻感觉到西藏的天空特别蓝，阳光特别强烈，湿度低很多，在高温高热的江苏呆惯了，呼吸一下高原的空气，觉得特别舒爽。因为第一站打算去扎日转山，为了节省时间，直接从机场包车去山南。中午时分，到达山南，住在怕怕同学进西藏经常住的同鑫宾馆。安顿下来，怕怕去车站买明天去扎日的车票。扎日不通大巴，车票只能买到三林乡，之后的100多公里山路只有包车了。安顿好住处，吃过午餐，差不多3点了，深夜在线福利视频决定去山南最著名的景点昌珠寺和雍布拉康先逛逛。 藏语中，昌是鹰、鹞的意思，珠是龙的意思。相传此地在建寺前有一恶龙，被松赞干布化身为大鹏降伏后才得以建寺，故得名。相传7世纪时由吐蕃赞普松赞干布主持建造，后又经帕莫主巴大司徒绝曲坚参改建扩建。据说文成公主曾在该寺驻足修行，留有遗物。帕竹政权时期，昌珠寺进行过大规模的维修和扩建。昌珠寺在其晚期归属格鲁派。昌珠寺的珍珠唐卡为镇寺之宝，所画的是坚期木尼额松像（观世音菩萨憩息图）。整个唐卡长2米，宽1.2米，共耗珍珠26两（计29026颗），镶嵌钻石一颗，红宝石二颗，蓝宝石一颗，紫宝石0.55两，绿松石0.91两（计185粒），珊瑚4.1两（计1997颗），黄金15.5克。每天吸引许多信徒游客前来观瞻朝拜。 雍布拉康， 相传是西藏历史上第一座宫殿。西藏在松赞干布之前是没有文字的，主要历史都是以神话的方式口口相传。说是天神有六个儿子，赤顿祉是其中之一，赤顿祉之子就是聂赤赞普。聂赤赞普到了雅砻一带，看到这里水草丰美，就沿着天梯下降到人间，遇到12名聪明的牧羊人，他们问赞普“你从哪里来？”赞普用手指指雅拉香布雪山。牧羊人惊奇：“这是天上来的赞普，可以做深夜在线福利视频的王。”于是牧羊人把赞普抬到家中，并且建造了雍布拉康献给赞普。初上高原，雍布拉康200米的上升，累的我气喘嘘嘘。走不到一个拐弯处，就得停下来喘气。一直很奇怪，西藏的皇宫和寺庙为什么都喜欢建造在山顶或者山腰，爬上去都累得要死。现在想来皇宫建在上上大概因为赞普是天上来的，建在山上离天更近一点。 回去的路上，采购去扎日转山时吃的东西，顺便买了一身藏装。到了酒店，领队怕怕吩咐深夜在线福利视频不要洗澡，但是经过一夜火车上的闷热，身上难受无比，不管那许多高原禁忌了，直接洗了澡，用宾馆提供的洗衣机把衣服洗了。高原气候干燥，一个晚上不到，衣服就吹干了。6月2日 车上的一天 在山南20天，发现山南的班车90%都是9点半发车，票价大都是60元或70元。吃过早饭，深夜在线福利视频背起大包小包往车站赶。我们住的地方离车站不算远，2个红绿灯路口，不过背着大大的登山包，手里还拎着好多吃的，再加上今天到高原才第二天，走路到车站实在不是个好的选择。但领队怕怕不允许深夜在线福利视频打车，说是时间还早，到扎日还要在5000米海拔徒步呢。我不情愿地走着，边走边在心里骂着这个领队，“这个坏人为了省10块钱，非让大家走高反了不可！“上了车，发现西藏的车都是沿途带人的，而且车还刚好经过深夜在线福利视频酒店门口，真是白累了半死。出了泽当镇，顺着S202一路向南。行走了大约40公里，翻过海拔5025的亚堆扎拉山口，山口右边雅拉香布雪山，是雅砻河的源头。 传说藏族地区有四大神山：即东方神山沃德贡杰、卫藏地区的神山雅拉香布、北方羌塘的神山念青唐古拉、南方神山库拉日杰。在公元8、9世纪的敦煌古藏文手写卷中多次提到雅拉香布，说“雅拉香布乃最高之神”。雅拉香布雪山所在的雅隆河谷是吐蕃最古老的部落繁衍之地，是农耕区。该部落奉雅拉香布为最大的山神，此后随着雅隆部落与其他部落的交往联系和互相融合，雅隆部落自身也发展壮大起来，在部落间的兼并战争中一直处于优胜的地位，最后终于取得了整个吐蓄的政权，他们崇奉的山神也就成了众部落共同信仰的山神而成为最高神灵。当地流传的神话中，雅拉香布山神是一头白牦牛，此牦牛有着无比的法力。从其口、鼻中不断喷处的雪暴，足以摧毁岩石、引发洪水。在藏族史籍文献中称雅拉香布山神为王族神灵，代表王室的力量。自古到今，雅砻地区的广大信徒都说：“居住在雅砻地区，就要祈祷雅拉香布神。”雅拉香布雪山海拔6635.8米，山头终年积雪不化，形成冰川，宛如巨大的水晶宫殿，被周围5000米以上的山峰高高托起，耸入云端。在西藏原始苯教中该雪山被奉为神山，神山的化身是一位武士。佛教传至西藏以后，山神成了佛教在雅砻一带的重要护法神，佛教徒在神山的东、南、西、北四方各建了小寺庙以供奉雅拉香布山神。每年藏历5月至9月间，会有藏区各地佛教徒前来朝拜。向南再翻越一座山口雪布达拉，海拔5105米。由于连续下坡，开车的师父中途下来用水冷却刹车。 隆子县边防检查站，过了检查站，悲催的搓板路开始了。路上的藏式民居。过了检查站，一直是在两座大山的峡谷里穿行，路上只能一个车子通过，不过深夜在线福利视频的车沿路也没遇到什么车子，车开过，尘土飞扬。大山深处的人家。
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袁静怡妖艳的热带花卉新加坡植物园的志性场景在参天巨树旁留影 新加坡植物园（Singapore Botanic Gardens），位于新加坡，南部为荷兰路和内皮尔路，占地54公顷。开放时间为早上5点至午夜12点，并且除国家兰花园外全园免费。 园内以研究和收集热带植物、园艺花卉而著称。约为英国皇家植物园大小的一半，纽约中央公园的五分之一。园内有20000多种亚热带、热带的奇异花卉和珍贵的树木。园内的景点还有棕榈谷（PalmValley）、生态湖（Eco-Lake）和交响乐湖畔（SymphonyLake）的露天音乐会。 植物园有一个藏书万册的图书馆，有一间植物本室，收集草本植物本约有50万种。 漫步其中，走马观花的徒步穿行，大约需要2、3个小时的时间。如果你喜爱研究植物，植物园的植物都明其学名及原产地，仔细看过每个介绍，估计就要一天的时间了。 走进植物园，你感觉不到城市的喧嚣，犹如置身绿色海洋，一如新加坡的其它地方一样，干净整洁，参观通道、休息区、吸烟区、WC区等布局合理，感觉很人性化，在这里如果你习惯了不喝热水，园内有很多涉及独特的水龙头，用水杯接了可直接饮用，水质比国内的瓶装矿泉水还好。 进植物园虽然免费，但园内游人并不太多。曲径通幽处，漫步走来很是宁静和惬意，是城市中难得的休憩之地。感受新加坡之一——漫步岛国看狮城 干净清新亦繁华（概述篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2172957-1-1.html感受新加坡之二——休闲小岛走不停 亚洲最南寻风情（圣淘沙篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2172957-1-1.html感受新加坡之四——绿意充盈总统府世外桃源乌敏岛（总统府等篇）https//bbs.8264.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=2253589&page=1&extra=#pid55203314感受新加坡之五——海风轻拂鱼尾狮 流光溢彩夜迟迟（滨海湾篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2255988-1-1.html感受新加坡之六——狮城国花胡姬花千姿百态芬芳开（胡姬花篇）https//bbs.8264.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=2299743&page=1&extra=#pid58352540感受新加坡之七——小印度里寻缩影甘榜格南回族情（新加坡河等篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2322447-1-1.html 感受新加坡之八——立体交通路纵横街道小区绿充盈（交通和街道篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2326625-1-1.html 感受新加坡之九——狮城春节气息浓牛车水里最喜庆（春节和牛车水篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2330106-1-1.html感受新加坡之十——方式灵活有初院 环境优美好校园（南初篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2344728-1-1.html感受新加坡之十一——享誉全球名高校 环境优雅美校园（南大篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2354269-1-1.html 新加坡植物园在新加坡的位置图 新加坡植物园内平面分布图 刚进入植物园，就是满眼的绿色。 热带花卉盛开 巨大的热带植物 棕榈树随处可见 树木总是很茂盛 园中的瀑布 绿树丛中的史前时期植物 绿树遮掩的园中小径 史前时期的地貌 史前时期的地质构造带 史前时期的树木 园中的野蘑菇 野蘑菇随处可见 巨大的柳树 盛开的热带花卉 花卉满园 这种热带花卉很奇特，你能叫上名字吗？ 黄色的热带花卉 红艳艳的热带花卉 原始森林中的小径 这种花处处可见 新加坡植物园的志性图景 高大的棕榈树 茂盛的热带植物 园中的小鸟并不怕人 休憩之处 白色的凉亭([]
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林孟英2013年春节，准备去越南柬埔寨看看。 原计划是从南宁陆路进越南，由北往南穿越越南到柬埔寨吴哥窟后回国。 做好计划开始买飞机票时发现，从柬埔寨暹粒回国的机票比较贵，从国内去胡志明的机票倒是比较便宜。 这次去柬埔寨主要就是去看那世界七大奇迹的吴哥窟，去寻找高棉的微笑，这是不能略去的。 于是就有了直飞胡志明市，由胡志明市去柬埔寨暹粒，再回到胡志明市，再一路北下，经过美奈，大叻，牙庄，惠安，顺化，河内，下龙湾回国的路线。 虽然去柬埔寨走了个回头路，但从节约自己并不充分的资金上来看，还是个不错的选择。 废话不多说，直接看图说话，虽然照片质量不好，但以量取胜吧。 一千多张照片记录了全程，并附有路线攻略。 春节前，赶上越南证涨价，深夜在线福利视频是两次入境越南，需要一月两次入境，两本证花了1140元。 福州飞上海再飞胡志明市两人机票包括税费2850元。 因为深夜在线福利视频的飞机是凌晨到达胡志明市，在国内预定了宾馆，2晚总计30刀，加接机14刀。 带了1300刀，剩余290刀。两个人总花费约10566元。 飞机正点到达胡志明市已经是凌晨1点了。 出关很顺利。 走出机场就看到有人举着深夜在线福利视频名字的大牌子。 如果不是这么晚到达，根本不需要订酒店和接机，机场有大巴去市内。 在BOOKING订的房间总是不能让人满意，（但又能去哪里订纳？）， 只有一个优点是提供早餐。 住在范五老街的小胡同里，走出胡同口就看见The SinhTourist的招牌。这个小帅哥是店里唯一会汉语的人。要不然，真不知道只会几个英语单词的半大老人怎么搞定买很多班次的汽车票。在The SinhTourist买了明天由胡志明市去柬埔寨暹粒的车票。本想买好回来时由胡志明市去河内的OPENBUS全程票。由于赶上了越南的春运。虽然现在是提前了一星期买票，但只有胡志明--美奈--大叻这一段路程有车票。而且只剩余4张票，赶紧掏钱把这一段的票先买了。其实在范五老街有很多家公司经营OPENBUS。深夜在线福利视频从The SinhTourist出来，走了不到50米，看到一家公司卖OPENBUS票。可是售票员不会汉语，深夜在线福利视频又不懂英语。正在对牛弹琴时，一位新加坡人也来买票，帮助深夜在线福利视频买好了后半程的车票，而且还是全程卧铺车票。显然，这段路程的车票已经涨价。现在想想，The SinhTourist不是没有票，他是在等涨价再卖。涨点钱能买到票就好。深夜在线福利视频后来遇到很多人买不到车票，从而打乱了整个旅游计划。深夜在线福利视频避开了国内的春运，来到越南却赶上了越南的春运。看来，春节期间也要避开越南旅游了。这家公司的马路对面有换汇的，汇率比市中心区的金店低点。换了点越南盾去吃午饭，就在大街边上的小店。价格一点也不比国内便宜，越南人做生意是一致对外，内外有别。范五老街志性建筑。旅店有简易地图。范五老街距胡志明市的景点并不是很远，深夜在线福利视频也想走路沿线看看。来前就听说越南的水果鲜榨汁很好喝，路边看到一家，结果是大失所望。晚上回来在小胡同的另一出口处，有一家现做现卖，有很多人坐在小板凳上等待，那个才是好喝。街边小公园街景在繁华的大街中央广场，有一尊骑马铜像，是越南的民族英雄陈元汉。他昭示世人，越南人民是不会忘记历史的。说到越南的历史，是离不开中国的。秦朝时，秦始皇派军队征服了越南北部，中国的版图扩大到越南。公元10世纪，五代十国时，交趾叛乱。爱州（今越南清化）牙将吴权在海门镇打败汉军，次年称王。968年越南丁朝建立，安南最终建立了国家，但一千多年来一直作为中国的属国或藩属国。19世纪后期，法国对越南进行殖民侵略，清朝派兵抵抗，冯子材和刘永福、黑旗军等参战。1885年，清政府与法国订《中法新约》，被迫承认越南独立。从此，越南彻底从中国版图独立，并沦为法国殖民地。1945年第二次世界大战结束前后，胡志明在越南北方的河内宣布独立。而南方还处在受法国殖民保护的保大皇帝管辖之下。1954年7月21，署《日内瓦协议》。《日内瓦协议》规定，越南以北纬17度为界，南北分治，北方由胡志明领导，南方由保大皇帝统治。1955年7月17日，美国撕毁了《日内瓦协议》，取代法国在越南南方的地位，设定了所谓的越南共和国。吴庭艳发动政变，废黜保大皇帝，自己当了总统，建立南越南共和国，首都为西贡。自此，越南南方沦为美国新殖民主义的殖民地。1961年，越南战争爆发，美国与韩国、菲律宾、泰国、澳大利亚、新西兰等国组成联军，介入了这场战争。中国出动军方和大量民力、免费物质，支持越南，援越抗美。1973年1月27日《巴黎协定》订，美国承认越南民主共和国在国际上的法律地位，退出越南战争。同年3月从越南南方撤出全部军队及其同盟者军队和军事人员。1975年5月，胡志明领导的越盟（即后来的越南劳动党）击败了吴庭艳政府。1976年7月，越南南北实现统一，定国名为越南社会主义共和国，首都为河内。为了纪念胡志明的伟业，将前南方首府西贡改名为胡志明市。陈元汉铜像前方是滨城市场，是胡志明市最大的市场。里面各类生活旅游纪念用品齐全。还有各类越南小吃。越南曾经沦为法殖民地，法式烙印无处不在，从早点的法棍到街边的咖啡店让人以为身处欧洲某小镇。中国元素也无处不在，从门面上的汉字到理发小作坊。刮胡子捏背与国内一样舒坦。无论大街小巷，摩托都是绝对的主力。原来以为越南是个穷国。现在已经颠覆了以前的认识。越南国家是不富，但人民却不穷。不像天国，国家富人民穷。到总统府已经快4点了，拍了张照片没进去。门前有妹妹执勤，很乐意与我合影。合影后还到没有路灯的马路上将往来车辆叫停，让深夜在线福利视频轻松过马路。胡志明市路边有很多这样大的公园，供市民在公园里休闲歇息。从总统府走到红教堂只有几分钟的路程。圣母大教堂是法国人于1883年建成，据说建造教堂的红砖全部是从法国运来，是仿照巴黎圣母院钟楼的设计建造的。教堂不收门票，但只对游客开放前面一小部分。站在教堂的入口处，看那高大的穹顶和花窗，配上庄严肃穆的神像，显得庄重又有气势。从教堂前方看，两座40米高的白色钟塔直冲云霄。门前伫立着一座重达4吨的圣母玛丽亚雕像，红色基座白色雕像与身后的红教堂相配的极为融洽。红教堂的旁边是百年邮政局。从外表看是一幢普通的欧式建筑。但里面穹顶设计源自伦敦水晶宫的大玻璃屋顶。漂亮的地砖，红色电话亭，手绘的西贡地图和墙上巨幅胡志明画像勾勒出一幅豪华又安详的画面。我也不能免俗，在这豪华又古老的邮局里寄出一张写给自己的明信片。走出邮局，四周景色。红教堂正对着的路是胡志明市最繁华的一条路。路口街头的宣传画，好像又回到40年前的中国。中国统治了越南上千年，越南的很多民俗与中国一样。传统节日主要有春节、清明、端午、中秋、重阳等。现在春节快到了，路上张灯结彩，很有过年的气氛。也不乏高档商场，大牌云集。进百盛商场看看，世界各地的大牌都能在这里看到。二楼还有吃饭的地方。PHO24米粉连锁店在越南很有名气，但我不喜欢吃米粉，没尝试。走过百盛就是歌剧院，歌剧院的建筑风格是最具法属时期的建筑。([]
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蔡阿妹序……….“到处流浪， 命运唤我奔向远方， 我看这世界像沙漠， 它四处空旷没人烟…… 到处流浪…… ”。 一首《拉兹之歌》，让多少人对印度向往，就是这部印度电影，在中国大陆首先揭开了印度神秘的面纱。让无数人梦寐中或多或少带上了印度情结，什么时候能有机会去到那个并不遥远的国度，亲耳聆听那曼妙婉转的歌声；亲眼目睹那阿娜多姿的舞蹈；亲身感受那美丽迷人的印度姑娘……。随着国门的打开，蜂拥而出的中国人，开始漫向世界各地。印度的一切又逐次在中国人的眼前清晰起来；那无数精美的古代建筑、壮丽的泰姬陵和它美妙的故事传说、一千多年前的性文化雕塑群、多次荣登世界小姐宝座的印度姑娘、加上印度的脏、乱、差…….这一切让印度更加神秘、更加不可思议。2013年9月初，一个偶然的机会，到印度自助游去，变成了我的旅游计划。时间；2013年9月到2013年10月21日；内容；制定自助游路线。筹备所需资料和物品。 参考去过印度的旅游攻略和印度文化建筑介绍。大致决定在印度自助游从东面的加尔各答开始，历时22天。到达最西面的阿姆利则后返回德里离开。具体路线如下；加尔各达（Kolkata）————菩提迦叶（BodhGaya）——————瓦纳拉西（VaranASI）————克久拉霍（Khajuraho）————阿格拉（Agra）————斋普尔（Jaipur）————乌代普尔（Udaipur）————热那克普（Rannakpur）————焦德普尔（Jodhpur）————杰沙梅尔（杰伊瑟尔梅尔Jaisalmer）———比卡内尔（Bikaner）————阿姆利则（Amritsar火车先到JALANDHAR贾朗达尔后，再转LOCAL BUS）————德里（New Delhi）印度自助游有关准备工作；换汇；印度很多城市可使用信用卡。中国人的习惯都是带上现金。那就在银行调换好美金备用。但，印度的换汇比率随时在变化。可根据自己的需要兑换成印度卢比（Rs）。我在印度期间兑换率是；10月23日在加尔各答机场，100$==5597Rs.10月24日在加尔各答萨德街上的换汇点，100$==6010Rs.10月25日在菩提迦叶100$==6050Rs.11月6日在焦德普尔100$==6020Rs。 11月13日在德里100$==6050Rs.相比之下，在到达印度机场时最好不换汇，那个差别实在太大了。出了机场到了市区，随便找家换汇点先换部分，以后随时可以在所到城市换取Rs使用。2， 证；印度的证在亚洲国家里相对比较麻烦比较烦琐。个人旅游证需要提供如下资料；（1）、护照原件：（六个月零十天以上有效期）。（2）照片：2张白底彩照，5cm * 5cm正方形，(同美国证照片尺寸一样，需露耳朵，不接受扫描或不清晰的照片)。（3）存款证明：人民币一万元以上的银行存款证明原件（至少四个月冻结期）（4）、公司在职证明（英文版）（5）、身份证复印件：1份，正反面复印到一张纸上，（6）、个人证申请表（可在网上搜索下载）。印度出入境卡；印度出入境卡； 印度一般是有效期三个月，30天的旅游证。网上有专门办代理证的公司。但费用比较高。可在网上查讯，有要690元的，有要850元的，还有喊价1500元的。我请北京的一个朋友帮我代办的证，是她亲自把材料送到印度使馆，30天的旅游证371元。这位朋友已只是在网上认识尚未谋面的朋友。网名彩云游子。帮忙如此热心，让我好生感激，不知有没有机会报答这位朋友这份情谊。 证办好后，最好把你的护照首页和证页复印若干份，在印度买火车票和住宿都需要护照复印件和证复印件。你可根据你在印度旅游的时间来决定复印多少份为宜。3，交通；在印度国内旅行，铁路四通八达，价格非常便宜，所以，坐火车是在印度国内旅行的首选。火车有很多等级，Superfast, Fast, Express, Passenger。等级不同票价不同，车体的新旧也不同。应尽量避免Passenger，这种普客又挤又慢，车厢十分破旧。车票也分为很多级别。有2nd Class Chair（硬座）；2nd Class Sleeper（硬卧）；2nd A/C( 空调硬卧)，和1st A/C(空调软卧)等。空调车舒适度好，价格可能是2nd Class Sleeper的2-3倍左右，车上提供饮料和餐食，通常是印度富裕人士和外国游客乘坐。火车售票分为售票处（BOOKING OFFICE）和预售处（RESERVATION OFFICE），一些大站（如新德里）有专门的外国人售票处（International Tourist Bureau），可是有的International Tourist Bureau不售票，只提供咨询和休息，买车票去RESERVATION OFFICE。在德里、加尔各答、孟买等大城市购买火车票比较紧张，不大容易买到当天或第二天的火车票，如有可能最好在国内出发前就先定好在印度国内旅行的火车票。但一般中小城市买火车票还是很容易，很多城市还专门有外国人购买火车票的窗口和侯车室。这是购买印度火车票的印度铁路官方网站；https//www.irctc.co.in/。火车站内常用设施中英文对照：火车站在印度习惯讲：RailwayStation上铺〈UB〉、中铺〈MB〉、下铺〈LB〉，以及靠走道的上铺〈SU〉与下铺〈SL〉，火车问讯处：Enquiry或Railway Information 站台：plantform存包的地方：cloak room女士候车室：Lady’s Waiting room 车掌：TTE, Train Ticket Examiner候车室：Waiting room（通常有浴室和厕所）高等级车票候车室：upper class waiting room（一般指3A以上级别。印度人不是这个档次车票不会进来。您是老外，别管你拿什么级别车票，进去再说）普通卧铺候车室：sleeper class waiting room（人比较多，也比较脏）休息室：Retiring Room餐厅：refreshment room 查票：ticket checker 还要多少时间How many more times 来回机票；去印度肯定要考虑买好来回的机票，有很多这方面的攻略。主要是能买到最便宜的机票可以为你的旅行节省不少的银子，请要去的朋友最好提前半年留意机票信息，争取定到最便宜的来回机票。汽车；印度的汽车相对比火车贵点。下列是印度北部主要城市间距离和汽车价格（长途客车）。乌代普尔——阿格拉 630KM12小时180Rs乌代普尔——孟买 730KM16小时200Rs乌代普尔——德里 670KM14小时200Rs乌代普尔——斋普尔 406KM9小时 200Rs乌代普尔——焦特布尔 275KM 8小时 110Rs乌代普尔——科塔 6小时110Rs乌代普尔——阿埠山 7小时 100Rs 4，住宿;印度现在随旅游业的发达。住宿非常方便。每个城市乃至有景点的乡村都有高档的星级宾馆和家庭式小旅社、和类式青年旅社那样的小客栈。我个人不很喜欢住高档的酒店。这种地方，人与人之间的关系比较冷漠，无法真正接触和感知所在国家的真实状况、找不到贴近当地人生活的感觉。我比较喜欢家庭式的小旅社，小客栈。这样的地方有它独特的装修风格，甚至墙上有大量来往人员的涂鸦。住在这样的地方，你可以和老板、老板娘亲密接触。他们已多半有问必答，热心地为你帮忙和力尽所能的指点你怎样在这里玩的舒服。和大酒店比起来，这种地方价格非常便宜。哪怕你在旅馆里蒙头大睡几天，已不会心痛每天帐单上增加的银子数。 5，印度的饮食特点；A，糊状菜；如果说中国菜的特点是“清清白白”，色香味三者，色是摆在第一位的，因好看可以激发食欲；印度菜的特点则是“糊糊涂涂”，各种主菜都放一大把咖喱粉，看起来都一个颜色。荤菜不亲口尝一尝，很难区分是什么肉类；蔬菜也是捣成糊状，搁些咖喱。在中国人看来，长时间的煮熬使维生素尽失，令人觉得可惜，印度人则乐此不疲。说印度菜把香放在首位恐怕并不过分。不过，印度菜的香并非中国人所习惯闻的那种香味，而是太香了；印度菜的辣味也并非中国人所习惯的咸辣、酸辣或麻辣，而是“冲”鼻子的辛辣，许多中国人恐怕一时难以适应。 B，吃素；印度虔诚的佛教徒和印度教徒都是素食主义者，耆那教徒更是严格吃素，吃素的人占印度人口一半以上，因此，印度是典型的素食王国，素食文化是印度饮食文化中最基本的特色之一。 C，手抓饭；多数印度人，包括上流社会的人通常习惯用手抓饭吃。印度人进餐时一般是一只盘子、一杯凉水，把米饭和饼放在盘内，菜和汤浇在上面。印度人的主食主要是米饭和饼，他们喜欢吃的并非中国人的白米饭，而是把饭煮熟后，放些油和调料，饭的颜色呈黄色，或者同别的什么菜炒在一块。用手把菜和饭混在一起，在盘里搅拌几下，抓起来捏一捏，然后送进口内。 D，不抽烟不喝酒；受宗教禁忌的影响，印度人几乎不喝酒，嗜酒成瘾者或酒量很大者极少，从未见过印度人一饮而尽地干杯，也从未见过有人行酒令或醉倒过。印度抽烟的人极少，公务往来和红白喜事，从未有人敬烟。印度的烟仅10支装，印度人口袋里装一包烟、一个打火机的不多，一些烟民宁愿买一支抽一支。 E，香辣咖喱唱主角： 印度人做菜用得最多、最普遍的是咖喱粉。咖喱粉是用胡椒、姜黄和茴香等20多种调料合成的一种香辣调味品，呈黄色粉末状。印度饮食文化也可以称为咖喱文化，这种饮食文化以香辣味道为特色。人们谈到印度饭，首先想到的十之八九是咖喱饭。咖喱饭可以是素食，也可以是荤食；可以是米饭，也可以是面食。印度人对咖喱粉可谓情有独钟，几乎每道菜都用，咖喱鸡、咖喱鱼、咖喱土豆、咖喱菜花、咖喱汤等等，每个经营印度饭菜的餐馆都飘着一股咖喱味。 F，野味无人敢问津 在许多中国人看起来是美味佳肴的东西，印度人基本上不吃。印度没有野味店，不仅野味无人问津，就是蟮鱼、泥鳅、甲鱼、乌龟、蛇这些东西，印度人也不吃，至于吃狗肉、猫肉、鸽子肉等，更是想都不敢想的事。印度人基本上不吃各种肉类的下水内脏，因而价格便宜得不可思议，有的几乎等于不要钱。例如，5个卢比(相当于1元钱人民币)可以买到1公斤鸡爪。在印度可以看到和边几斤重的大鱼就在岸边游来游去，伸手可捉，但却无人问津。 G，印度菜的特点就是糊状菜，而且还加以各种色素，黄的汤，绿的糊，红的泥。如果没有一段时间的适应，是很难习惯的。此外，无论在家庭还是餐馆，印度人认为生水是最好的饮料，餐桌上总会有一杯凉水。印度主要食物列表： Dal：是主要的素食菜之一，由几种大豆混合香料，经长时间熬制而成。 Tandoori：印度式的烘烤。 Lassi：印度酸奶。印度甜品：香浓甜滑，非常值得品尝。 Chutney：印度小蘸料，微酸中带点薄荷的香味。 ， 6 ，语言：印度民族众多，语言复杂，据统计，印度共有1652种语言和方言。其中使用人数超过百万的达33种。英语在印度很有影响。除宪法规定的18种语言为联邦官方语言外，还规定英语为行政和司法用语。英语和印地语同为官方语言。北印度语言主要包括印地语和乌尔都语等。南印度语言主要有泰米尔语、泰卢固语等。印度东北地区语言主要包括那加语和米佐语等。印度中部地区主要有桑塔尔语、蒙达语等。还有安达曼语，主要流行于安达曼群岛。下面是印地语中常用单词的谐音。（仅供参考）。你好 那玛斯第 对不起；察玛加里伍。 谢谢，达尼亚哇多。 请，哥利比亚。 是；哈伍。 不是，那兴伍。男，布鲁丝. 女，斯多里.少女，拉鲁奇。 青年，拉里加。 小孩，巴查亚。单人房，埃克 比得 哇拉。 双人 多比得哇拉。 钱，巴伊沙。 价钱，达姆. 结帐，希沙布。 吃饭，加纳。洗手间，巴多鲁姆多伊拉特。 计程车，塔克西。船， 那乌。 列车，托里伊伍. 飞机， 夏哇伊 渣哈子。 商店，多卡伍。 邮局，坡斯特奥费斯。 银行，巴伍克。医生，多可塔。 警务督察，波里斯。日本人， 渣巴尼 印度人，兴多士塔尼。 东，布拉布。 南，达克西伍。 西，巴斯千姆。 北，沃太鲁。 左，巴埃伍。 右，达希纳。 星期一，苏姆哇尔。 星期二，码葛鲁哇尔 星期三，布多哇尔。 星期四，格鲁哇尔。 星期五，苏克鲁哇尔 星期六，谢尼哇尔。星期日，拉布伊哇尔1，埃克。 2，多。 3，添伍。4，查尔。5，巴伍。6，千。 7，沙特。 8，阿特。9，娜乌。10，达斯。100，斯乌。你叫什么名字？ 阿布加 卡亚那母 哈伊？你好吗？ 阿布加卡亚哈鲁哈伊？我很好，多谢。马因地哥夫达尼亚圭多。我叫张三。 米拉那母张三哈伊。 再见吧， 费路米丽伍葛。这是什么？伊埃期亚哈伊？ 不知道。 巴塔那兴。可不可以和你照张像？ 期亚玛因阿布卡弗多理鲁伍？印度是非常好的地方！ 姆谢巴拉多拍沙得哈伊！有房间吗？ 卡母拉哈伊卡亚？ 洗手间在哪儿？ 拉巴多里卡哈哈伊？请给我看菜单， 曼纽的卡地尖。 给我红茶， 玛因查埃布因格。很好吃， 巴付伊阿查拉格。 结帐。 比鲁的尖。想去医院。 荷士比塔渣那哈伊。 请叫医生。 大格塔布拉的谢伊。不太舒服。 塔比亚多的克那兴哈伊。什么时间出发？ 格鲁希期多你巴谢求弟哥。这是哪儿？ 伊埃卡亚渣那渣塔夫伍？ 请便宜点。 加姆加路那阿。请带我去成都酒店。 姆谢成都荷塔尔来查罗。我想去成都。 姆谢成都渣那哈伊。 这个多少钱？ 伊斯加达姆卡亚哈伊？不要。 那希伍查亚伊埃。 太多了。 伊埃巴好托渣达哈伊。请给我一点点。 托拉沙的伊芬。 这个好。 姆谢伊埃拍沙得哈伊。这个不合适我。 姆谢伊埃拍沙得那希伍。我要买纺织品。 玛因里斯面加布拉加里多纳察哈他。请给我看这条K金项链。 苏耐期伊埃马拉地加伊埃。有没有钻石戒指？ 阿布朗巴斯希里期阿达地伊哈伊？你住在哪里？ 阿布加汗拉希地哈伊伍？我住在成都。 马因成都面拉希达芬伍。7，电话；目前印度有14家移动运营商经营移动电话业余。印度移动电信市场竞争激烈，排名随时在变换。2012年底的排名是；Idea拥有5590万用户，BSNL为5520万。 其次是巴帝电信（Bhart Airtel）；沃达丰爱莎（VodafoneEssar）。在CDMA领域排名靠前的还有Reliance、BSNL、塔塔电信（Tata Teleservices）等，它们均同时运营GSM/CDMA双网。在印度购买移动电话卡，最好买排名靠前的移动运营商的卡，这些公司在印度国内几乎每个乡镇都有维护网点。便于调整你所使用的移动卡任何问。有的小的移动运营商，即使其所销售的卡要便宜些，但如是打电话或上网有什么障碍，很难在你所在的城市找到该公司的维护网点，那卡就等于白买了。 8 ，费用；我10月23日晚上到达印度加尔各答。11月14日从德里离开，在印度境内呆了23天。除去来回机票不计。所花费用主要是；A，住宿，3800RS。（火车上渡过4个晚上，在火车站渡过2个晚上，在阿姆利则金庙免费住了1个晚上。实际只住了15夜。） B，景点门票；3000RS。（其中最贵的是泰姬陵750RS。最不值得的是德里的贾玛清真寺300RS。其他大多是200RS以下。） C，吃；我在印度用在吃上的钱不多，除了个别情况外，一般每顿200RS，就够了。在印度最奢侈的一顿是在千柱庙出来，吃了一顿自助餐，每人320RS。大约每天伙食费在600RS，23天在吃上用去13800RS。还包含每天必吃的酸奶。 D，行；在印度坐了七段火车，4200RS。从菩提迦叶到瓦纳拉西、乌代普尔到焦德普尔、比卡内尔到阿姆利则这三段坐的长途汽车，共用3100RS。坐tutu 车用去2500RS。交通费用合计9800RS。E，其他杂用；电话卡、小费、水果4500RS。在印度23天，除去机票不算，总共花费34900RS。折合人民币3500元左右。 9，印度人的习俗； A，印度人是用摇头表示赞同，用点头表示不同意。人们用手抓耳朵表示自责；召唤某人的动作是将手掌向下摆手指，但不能只用一个指头；指人时也要用整个手掌，不能用一两个指头。 B，印度人大多习惯用传统的佛教手势－－双手合十。互相问好祝安。双手合十时，把双手举到脸部前才算合十。这种招呼，显得比握手高尚、文雅。注意切莫在双手合十的时候，也同时点头,容易引起当地人的嗤笑,那就破坏了亲切和气的气氛,显得有点不伦不类了。 C，印度人吃饭，习惯用手抓捏饭揉成团送进口里。但必须是用右手。给别人递食物、餐具，更得用右手。这是因为人们认为右手干净。 D，公共厕所，按当地的习惯，只要有墙的地方就是厕所。甚至在Varanasi人头攒动的大街上都可以随时面对墙方便。印度人大便后不用纸，而用左手沾水擦洗。所以千万不要用左手递食物给印度人，不要用左手和印度人握手。E，切莫抚摸小孩的头，头部是人体最高的部分,也是人体中最神圣无比的部分,尤其是孩子的头,被视为神明停留之处,所以,在任何情况之下绝不允许触摸。切莫对印度人吹口哨，那是冒犯人的举动，是没有教养的表现。 F，印度妇女喜欢在前额中间点有吉祥痣，其颜色不同，形状各异，在不同情况下表示不同意思，它是喜庆、吉祥的象征。印度男女多有配带各种装饰品的习惯。 G，印度人走进寺庙或厨房之前，先要脱鞋。穿鞋进去，既不礼貌，也不圣洁。不论男女老幼，统统把鞋放在门口，赤脚进去。 P，讳白色，习惯用百合花作悼念品。他们忌讳弯月图案，视1、3、7为不吉祥数字，和印度人交谈，要回避有关宗教矛盾、和巴基斯坦的关系、中印冲突、工资以及两性关系的话。([]
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