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斯里兰卡是印度半岛南端印度洋中的一个岛国,北临孟加拉湾,西濒阿拉伯海,为印度洋东西方海上交通必经之地面积65610平方公里。人口1580万(1985)。僧伽罗人占72%,泰米尔人占20.5%,摩尔人占 6.7%,柏格人和马来人占 0.8%。僧伽罗语为官方语言,泰米尔语为民族语言,社会上层通用英语。居民67.3%信奉佛教,17.6%信奉印度教,7.9%信奉基督教,7.1%信奉伊斯兰教。首都科伦坡。中国古书称之为师子国僧伽罗国、僧诃罗国等。僧伽罗系梵语 Simhala一词的音译,意为狮子。古代阿拉伯航海家称其为“宝岛.锡兰”目前“锡兰”一称仍通用。如对斯里兰卡有兴趣的朋友,有想到斯里兰卡自助游的兴趣(附带说一句,斯里兰卡和中国一向友好,是最适合中国人去自助游的国家之一);可跟贴就你所想详细了解和有疑问的地方提出,我会尽量详细就我所知解答。下文预告;本人独自在印度自助流浪历时23天,从印度最东面的加尔各答横穿到印度最西面的阿姆利则,沿途所见所闻精彩粉呈。近期将整理出来以飨各位朋友。斯里兰卡有两千多年文字记载的历史。来自南亚次大陆北部的雅利安移民约在公元前 6世纪来到兰卡岛,先在沿海地区落脚,然后沿河流向内地迁移,建立若干沿河村落并种植水稻。移民中最强大的是僧伽罗人。这一名称后来成了所有移民的共同名称。雅利安移民的政治制度是婆罗门式的。在南印度种姓制度影响下,逐渐形成斯里兰卡独特的种姓制度,构成了僧伽罗村社制度的基础。 2500年前,来自北印度的雅利安人移民至锡兰岛建立了僧伽罗王朝。前247年,印度孔雀王朝的阿育王派其子来岛弘扬佛教,受到当地国王的欢迎,从此僧伽罗人摈弃婆罗门教而改信佛教。公元前2世纪前后,南印度的泰米尔人也开始迁徙并定居锡兰岛。从公元5世纪至16世纪,岛内僧伽罗王国和泰米尔王国之间征战不断。16世纪初先后被葡萄牙(1505—1658)和荷兰(1658—1796)统治。 18世纪末,斯里兰卡成为英国殖民地,并在二战中成为盟军在南亚对抗日军入侵的海军基地。当时的锡兰总督兼三军总司令是以善于调和种族关系而著称的郝德杰(任锡兰总督时间为1937.10.16—1944.9.19)。1948年2月4日获得独立,定国名锡兰。1972年5月22日改称斯里兰卡共和国。1978年8月16日改国名为斯里兰卡民主社会主义共和国。斯里兰卡自助游,分别为:文化之旅、海滨之旅、高山之旅和生态之旅。一、文化之旅。在斯里兰卡这个小小岛屿国家中,分布着与埃及一样多的,共6处世界遗产,可谓是个奇迹。充分展示了斯里兰卡有文字记载的2000多年的文明史。由皇城康提、圣城阿努拉德普勒、古城波隆纳鲁沃这3个城市构成的三角区,被称为“文化金三角”。在这个三角区内,汇聚了多达5处该国的世界文化遗产。这里有巨大的古建筑群;有2500多年前的宫殿和石刻;有古都的遗址、花岗岩的雕像、高耸入云的巨型舍利塔。参观、体验这些文化遗产,可令人充满惊奇和振奋,焕发人的灵感,让人感受到这是一次文化之旅、精神之旅。1、“文化金三角”世界遗产分布情况。(1)康提(Kandy)一处:佛牙寺(Temple of Tooth Relics)。(2)丹布勒(Dumbulla)二处:丹布勒金庙石窟(The Golden Temple and Rock Temple of Dambulla)、锡吉里耶狮子岩(Sigiriya the Lion Rock)。(3)阿努拉德普勒(Anuradhapura)一处:由菩提树、千柱寺,及数个超巨型舍利塔组成。(4)波隆纳鲁沃(Polonnaruwa)一处:嘎里亚那(Galvihara)古城遗址。(5)南海之滨的世界文化遗产。斯里兰卡全国共6处世界文化遗产中,有5处在“文化金三角”,另一处在南海之滨的加勒(Galle)。是17世纪建造的,位于一座岛礁上的荷兰城堡。 二、海滨之旅。斯里兰卡这个海岛拥有1340公里长的海岸线,以及数百个沙滩。这些沙滩中,已经开发出来,供游人休闲的多达几十个。其数量之多,质量之好,环境之美,都是绝无仅有的。这是大自然对斯里兰卡人民的慷慨赐予。斯里兰卡的海滨度假胜地,集中在这个海岛的西南部海岸。在不到200公里长的距离中,大大小小已经开发出的海滩就有几十个。其中几个较大的海滩各具特色、名声在外。 1、几个值得一去的主要海滩。(1)尼甘布(Negombo)距科伦坡37公里,距国际机场仅有6公里。因其位置优势,这里常年吸引了大量刚刚到达,或者准备离开斯里兰卡的各国游客。这里也是首都科伦坡民众节假日最好的休闲之地。(2)卡卢特勒(Kalutara)距科伦坡42公里。这里除了拥有迷人的海滩和众多的五星级酒店外,还有一座庄严的3层佛教寺庙,以及里面的那座世界独一无二的空心佛塔。(3)本托塔(Bentota)距科伦坡62公里。这里有宽广如画的海滩;有大型海滨度假村和星级饭店;有独特的古董店;有斯里兰卡驰名建筑师巴瓦兄弟花园。在本托塔河上,游人还可乘船在内河游览和进行各种水上运动。(4)希克杜沃(Hikkaduwa)距科伦坡98公里。这里是全岛最有名的海滩之一。希克杜沃以潜水运动和珊瑚礁闻名。同样出名的还有冲浪和丰富多彩的夜生活。海边既有很多顶级海景酒店,附近也有背包客能接受的舒适客栈。(5)乌纳瓦吐纳(Unawatuna)距科伦坡116公里;距世界文化遗产,加勒的荷兰古城堡仅4公里。乌纳瓦吐纳号称世界12大顶级海滩之一。这里有奇妙的潜水区域;有像沙丁鱼罐头一样挤在一起的,让游人放松的沙滩;有丰富的夜生活;有许多性价比不高,但却符合市场经济规律,比三亚划算得多的酒店和度假村。(6)韦利格默(Weligama)距科伦坡143公里。这里风景迷人,绵延10多公里的海岸线上,全是大大小小的沙滩。海面上有端坐在木杆上垂钓的渔民和游弋的双体船;海岸边有名气很大,但规模很小的金枪鱼市场。(7)美蕊沙(Mirissa)距科伦坡155公里。这里的漂亮海湾,散发着原始、迷人的气息。游人们评价说:这里是斯里兰卡南部最美的海滩。在美蕊沙,除了冲浪、潜水、休闲外,最富特色,最吸引人的就是,在当年的11月至次年的5月,乘船出海看鲸鱼、海豚和飞鱼。(8)马特勒(Matara)距科伦坡163公里,公交大巴车程约5小时。这里是海岛南部顶端的一座大型海滨城市。在城边海岸的突出沙滩上,可以看到清晨太阳从海中冉冉升起,傍晚又从海中缓缓落下的罕见自然景观。这里还是游人去附近几个著名海滩远足的,最佳的中转站和大本营。(9)坦加勒(Tangalle)距科伦坡195公里。这里有世所罕见,几乎渺无人烟,拥有宽阔漂亮沙滩,长达10多公里,能够一览无遗的巨型、正圆形弧形海岸线。眼前不时跃出水面的银鱼,和那不断掠过水面的上百只海鸥,伴随着生生不息的海浪,引人遐想,令人忘我。(10)瑞卡瓦(Rekawa)距科伦坡205公里。在这里,在相应季节的夜晚满月时,可以看到从水下爬到沙滩上,自然繁殖的海龟,还可以与它们亲密接触。这就是高勒到科伦坡的海边火车。在就是传说的海边渔夫三、高山之旅。斯里兰卡有多样的地形地貌,以及由此带来多样化的气候和丰富多彩的自然景观。斯里兰卡南部山区有30多座上千米高的山峰。有这个海岛最高的,海拔2555米的皮杜鲁塔拉格勒山(Mount Pidurutalagala)。在山区的腹心地带,最有名,最受游客青睐的地方是努瓦勒埃利耶(Nuwara Eliya)。这里是斯里兰卡海拔最高的村镇,是美誉度最高的山区旅游胜地,有“小英格兰”之称。村镇周围有高尔夫球场和赛马场,附近有可供垂钓鳟鱼的湖泊、河流。夜晚在零度的气温下,人们穿冬衣戴皮帽,依偎在壁炉边烤火的情景,在这个只有夏天,没有春天、秋天,更没有冬天的热带岛屿上,构成一幅奇特的,引人入胜的自然、人文景观。距努瓦勒埃利耶不太远的南部地区,有景色优美,海拔超过2000米的山区高原霍顿平原(Horton Plains)。霍顿平原上最吸引人的景点是悬崖落差达1000多米,被人们描述得具有极大想象空间的:“世界的尽头(World’s End)”。科伦坡和康提都有公交车驶往努瓦勒埃利耶。行驶时间分别为3.5小时和2小时。距努瓦勒埃利耶同样不太远的东南部地区,有山区的另一个著名景点埃拉(Ella)。乘火车从努瓦勒埃利耶到埃拉,这条线路是世界上最美的火车线路之一。火车在海拔2000多米高的大片原始森林间,迎着茶园,穿过松涛,沿着陡峭的峡谷蜿蜒而行。真个是景在心中,人在画中。四、生态之旅。斯里兰卡除了无所不在,令人神往的海洋景观外,岛上森林密布、河流纵横,无数湖泊镶嵌其间。全岛有12个国家公园,52个自然保护区,占国土面积的12%。其中最著名的是位于海岛南部,被评为世界自然遗产的辛哈拉加森林保护区(Sinharaja Forest Reserve)。最吸引游人的是位于东南沿海的,巨型的自然保护区 —— 雅拉国家公园(Kumana National Park)。在康提附近,有几十头大象的人工保护区品纳维勒大象孤儿院;在狮子岩附近的米内日亚国家公园湖边,最多时可一次出现几十头野生大象;在波隆纳鲁沃的湖边,夕阳西下时,可一次见到数百只鸽子那么大的巨型蝙蝠;湖面上整天都能见到时而浮在水面,时而排队飞行的成千上万只水鸟;在南部海边瑞卡瓦的沙滩上,能在明月下见到上岸繁殖的海龟;在美蕊沙近海,可看到鲸鱼、海豚和飞鱼;........([]
最新章节: 第521章 我和我的祖国 ( 2025-04-10 20:18:40)
更新时间: 2025-04-10 20:06:25
低温湿冷肆虐了怎个广西,厚实的羽绒服把每个人都包成了肉丸子 没有日光直射的南国深冬比北方更为刺骨 在家敲键盘都得穿羽绒裤的节奏没几个人受得了 难得的春节假期需要给身体回归自然的些许空间再怎么说出门都比窝在被窝里强欢乐的时光总是不能缺少机智的小伙伴姐姐,机智聪明的激萌星人,没有她的旅行总会缺少些什么因此团队的核心,姐姐必不可少对于起床都需要相当大勇气的她来说寒冬的决定必定是窝在家里但除非她能穿裙子,晒泳装好吧,深夜在线福利视频一起追夏天!目录:Part1:花费分享Part2:姐姐带你看海南Part3:海南印象Part4:行程游记 DAY1日夜兼程,深夜在线福利视频奔堵在路上 DAY2面朝大海,春暖花开 DAY3安闲自适的海滩生活 DAY4整装待发,启程无人岛 DAY5、6、7悠闲的海岛生活 DAY8返程的尾巴 这里祖国的最南端海南阳光,海水,沙滩,椰林不是夏天胜似夏天的温度冬日里盛夏的体验海南就在这里带着爱拍照的姐姐一起追寻深冬里的夏天 Part1: 下面来分享一下此次行程的花费攻略 自由行自驾是最方便的,想去哪去哪没有约束。从广西去海南除了骑行外自驾是费用第二低但性价比最高的自助游方式了。精打细算之后,大概每人的花费在1300左右,很平价有木有! 玩得开心花费低,这个需要和大家分享下。春节假期高速全免,由于初十才回来高速收了250的过路费,然后洗车50R。然后就是在徐闻港乘坐轮渡过海了,一车一司机过海费用为422R,单人过海费用为42.5R。5人一车总的算来回轮渡费用就是1184R。全程油费加了1200 。因此总的交通费用是2684R,每人536.8R。如果是火车的话从深夜在线福利视频这到海南12个小时的硬卧最便宜237R,光来回就474R了。还没算海口到其他地方的动车费和各种去景点的车费。因此不想玩得太累,自助海南的首选方式是当然是自驾行了。当然地区不同里程也不同,这又另当别论了。 还有就是从万宁神州半岛坐船出海去大洲岛,来回包船平均一人100左右。这样下来一个人的路费大概就是650左右,由于一路宿营没花房钱,剩下的就都是吃咯。海南的特产当然海鲜,去当地市场自助购买加工非常划算,每天吃到撑也不会花费太多钱。 这次出行是我计划的,自驾去海南玩8天。初二晚上走初十晚上到家,一共八天全程自驾。住宿是基本都是露营,毕竟海南的海滩确实很美不睡睡实在浪费了。 这次主要是去日月湾和大洲岛这两个地方,美丽的海岸、清澈见底的海水,漂亮的沙滩,远离游客的地方这就是深夜在线福利视频的追求。 Part2: 先来介绍下姐姐,网名微粒,目前单身哦,这是她的8264ID空间https//u.8264.com/?34669571 姐姐是个定不住的人,每年都有好几个月不是去旅行就是在旅行的路上。爱自由、爱生活、不爱呆在家里;爱户外、爱疯狂、更爱拍照旅行。下面先晒晒深夜在线福利视频此次自驾行中姐姐拍的美美照,让这些美图带你一起走进冬夏里的海南。 Part3海南印象现在的城市已经不是钢筋水泥这么简单了当城市迷彩变成了灰白色时不仅是能见度呼吸质量也成了深夜在线福利视频需要担心的问但来到海南的第一晚却把我给惊艳了轮渡困在码头等待位置停靠烦躁的人们都走上了甲板透气夕阳没带走的余晖伴着刚升空的新月不经意间深夜在线福利视频就淡忘掉了很多想到的只是静静的看着。。。看着。。。 联排的椰树碧蓝的天空当然这里不会出现伸手不见五指的大雾简单的清晨就是走出帐篷坐在台阶上晒晒温暖的阳光然后走上沙滩让海浪的水花给脚指头做个简单的spa 海浪、礁石温和的海风总是伴着一股淡淡的海盐味在礁石上漫无目的的走着但心理总是抱着能捡到条海鱼的侥幸 日出很多人会看着太阳慢慢的升起而我享受的却是身处这画面的时刻把脚埋在沙滩里沙子也随着太阳的升高渐渐温暖起来 日暮时分撑起天幕架上营灯大伙一起DIY海鲜美食晚上的时间都在谈笑与吃中流过 大洲岛两山一滩的惊艳美不胜收中间的沙滩上宿营两边清澈的海水适合浮潜在这里会很快的忘记时间 海岸上随处可见冲上来的枯木、海草、海瓜子这片海域到处都是各种各样顽强的生命 海参、海胆都是从大洲岛浅滩抓到的新鲜的海鲜随处可见 清澈的海水浮潜好地方三五好友一起结伴看看美丽的海底 海底第一次亲密接触比想象中要清晰很多 珊瑚、海胆、小鱼虽然没有水族馆里丰富但这样的画面也能让人心动了 Part4:行程DAY1:日夜兼程,深夜在线福利视频奔堵在路上大年初二晚11点我们从柳州出发赶往湛江市的海安码头从海安乘坐轮渡到海口一路顺畅,很少看到车子到了广东境内就开始大雾了司机开得很吃力 清晨7点到达海安长长的车队已经排出码头五公里这注定又是一次漫长的等待 将近中午车队冗长依旧看不到尽头人们烦躁无聊精神紧张这样的画面曾多次在美剧《行尸走肉》中出现漫长的等待还在继续 烦躁的人们易怒这样的环境总会给人潜移默化的影响人们总会因为一些小事大打出手 安静与烦躁此时成为了两个反差巨大的对立面安静的人,动手的人这个世界如此荒唐可笑([]
Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享,俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦,俺先来个免责声明:1。杨同学不认识俺,也没有授权俺,如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止;2。俺没有商业目的,译版版权归杨同学,俺啥也不要,也不承担法律责任;3。没有杨同学授权,不敢擅自发在国外网站,发在原帖处,荣誉归8264;4。俺英语水平有限,欢迎指正,欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分,不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦,希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子,原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co, where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the locations of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30), 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evalsuate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
十一假期也结束了,从法国回来也办个多月了,还是没办法把这次旅行用文字记录下来,可能是本人比较懒惰吧,在此先立个帖子,没准儿是个大坑!还很有可能太监了,哈哈,大家不要骂人,首先还是要感谢一下这次的主办方Lafuma中国的大力赞助,还有这次为深夜在线福利视频投票的8264论坛的兄弟姐妹们,是你们的支持让深夜在线福利视频得以实现这个户外梦想——法国勃朗峰攀登之旅!!!先发两张照片本次活动全体队员的全家福第一座训练山——TETE BLANCHE ,海拔3429本次活动行程安排:9月13日:北京——阿布扎比——日内瓦——霞穆尼(BUS)9月14日:适应训练:到高山木屋(海拔)9月15日:适应训练:装备使用、冰川行走、攀登TETE BLANCHE(3429M)瑞士境内9月16日:适应训练:9月17日:返回霞慕尼休整(购物)9月18日:继续休整等待天气9月19日:攀登勃朗峰:乘坐小火车到达海拔2372米小火车站,攀登至古顿木屋(3817M)9月20日:古顿木屋(3817M)——勃朗峰登顶(4810M)——小火车站(2372M)——霞慕尼9月21日:退税\返程一、一路辗转、初到霞穆尼本次深夜在线福利视频所乘坐的飞机为阿联酋阿提扎德航空公司的航班,经阿联酋第一大酋长国首府也是阿联酋首都阿布扎比转机前往日内瓦。说到阿联酋大家可能一下子就会想到的是迪拜,帆船酒店、迪拜塔、豪车、海岸等等;其实,阿联酋的全称是阿拉伯联合酋长国,简称阿联酋,阿布扎比酋长国是阿联酋第一大酋长国,阿布扎比是阿联酋的首都,同时也是阿布扎比酋长国的首府。阿布扎比的机场设施很完善,有很多国际大牌的奢侈品店,有免费的wifi网络,就是网速不快,还不太容易链接。深夜在线福利视频在阿布扎比机场停留大概两小时,登上飞机继续前进,两段飞机上的餐点都还比较丰富,在飞往日内瓦的途中,机上的成人深夜福利视频人员知道深夜在线福利视频俩是来度蜜月的,还特意为深夜在线福利视频制作了蜜月甜点和法国香槟。经过十几个小时的飞行,深夜在线福利视频于当地时间14:35分到达瑞士日内瓦国际机场,取行李时出现了一个小插曲,大家的行李都取完了,只有摄影之友杂志“梓朕”的行李箱没有出现,后来到海关查询才知道行李被开箱检查了,因为他的装备实是太高端大气上档次了吧,有间谍或者特工的嫌疑,后面我会慢慢向大家介绍梓朕哥的秘密武器,一个乐观向上的画家、摄影师、媒体人,一路上给深夜在线福利视频带来了很多欢笑。到机场迎接我们的是法国Lafuma和Petzl(攀索)的技术顾问;约运动员:Aymeric,一个从10岁就开始登山的牛人,也是深夜在线福利视频本次“Lafuma叶伴我行勃朗峰”的总教练。从机场乘坐ALPYBUS旅游公司的BUS前往法国霞穆尼小镇,BUS司机是位漂亮的法国女士,路况很好,100公里的路程只需短短的一个小时时间。封闭式的高速公路修建在宽敞的山谷之中,蓝天白云、绿草如茵,半山腰散落着各式各样的砖木结构的房子,靠近公路旁的房子基本都有一大片田地,像一个个小小的农场一样,时不时头上还能看到几个滑翔伞从两旁的山上飞下来。转过一个比较大的弯,洁白的阿尔卑斯山出现在深夜在线福利视频眼前,一路看着阿尔卑斯山的美景,不知不觉中就来到了著名的旅游度假圣地——Chamonix(霞慕尼)。入住HOTEL Alpina(阿尔卑斯酒店),HOTEL ALPINA是一家有着悠久历史的三星级涉外旅游酒店,酒店大部分房间都能看到勃朗峰和南针峰,东南向的房间都有一个露天的小阳台,房间整洁,略显陈旧,全部都是实木家具和门窗。晚餐前还有点时间,大家相约到小镇上逛一逛,顺便找一家正宗的餐厅品尝一下法式大餐。Chamonix霞慕尼小镇因坐落于欧洲屋脊阿尔卑斯山最高峰——勃朗峰(4810M)脚下而享誉世界。1924年,第一届冬季奥林匹克运动会在这里举行,1786年,霞慕尼医生Paccard (帕卡德)及其脚夫Balmat (巴尔马特)首次登顶勃朗峰。从此后这里逐渐成为欧洲人最喜爱的登山滑雪圣地,这里有欧洲最高的缆车可直达勃朗峰观景台——南针峰。小镇上的观光车这个季节的游客不多,小镇两旁商店鳞次栉比,街道整洁干净,各种登山、滑雪、户外商店随处可见,这里汇聚了世界上个大顶尖户外品牌的专卖店,我戏称这里的户外店是只有你不知道,没有你看不到的!作为一群户外爱好者,深夜在线福利视频的首选当然是个大户外品牌店了,这里的户外装备价格并不算便宜,不过还是要比国内低15%——30%左右的。 悠悠荡荡、走走停停,不知不觉天已经暗了下来,这里的商店大部分都是19:00停业,深夜在线福利视频找到一家看上去不错的法式餐厅,这里的牛扒和海鲜都很不错,就是配菜的薯条有点粗大,有懂行的队友说这就是正宗的法式薯条 ,我怎么看怎么像油炸土豆块儿。这里和国内有6个小时的时差,晚餐后深夜在线福利视频回到宾馆早早休息,明天就要进行高海拔适应性训练了。 二、整装待发、阿尔卑斯初体验HOTEL ALPINA 的早餐从7:00开始供应,今天深夜在线福利视频要进行首日的适应性训练,大家都早早来到位于7楼的餐厅,一个霞穆尼小镇和阿尔卑斯山景观餐厅。天还有些暗,由于霞穆尼小镇地处山谷之中,太阳的朝晖已经开始一点点洒落在勃朗峰上,为洁白的雪山镀上一抹金黄,深夜在线福利视频在靠窗的为止边吃边欣赏景色,大家不禁感慨,人生如此,夫复何求啊。这里的早餐种类不多,不过还算丰盛,而且味道都还不错,特别是新烘烤出来的各种面包,各式各样的果酱和火腿片,早餐的鸡蛋需要自己煮。深夜在线福利视频把不需要带的装备寄存到酒店,这次活动的总教练Aymeric带着另外两个教练来了,一个是意大利籍的Hugues,我们都戏称他“渔歌”,Hugues同时也是一位资深的滑翔伞教练;瑞士籍的Elodie(艾乐迪),是瑞士一所大学的历史老师,Elodie是阿尔卑斯山为数不多的女高山向导之一。这边的商店大多在9:00到930开门,我们在Aymeric的带领下一起去镇上一家综合户外用品商店购买和租赁雪山攀登的装备,这个店深夜在线福利视频昨天下午来过,营业面积两三千米,三层,基本所有的户外装备都可以在这里买到,这边租赁高山靴和冰爪的价格是一周125欧元,价格有点小贵。资深户外摄影师“凯伊”在凯伊哥的建议下我选购了一双La portiva Batura2.0 GTX高山靴和一GRYAEL G14全齿冰爪;媳妇儿选了一双La portiva EVO和一副Simond的行走爪。SIMOND的冰爪就是霞穆尼生产的,有一百多年的历史了,Aymeric很高兴的给深夜在线福利视频介绍。这里登山靴的价格大概是国内的价的一半,Aymeric找到经理很给面子的给深夜在线福利视频打了个九五折。这里的户外店店员专业知识都非常好,不单单是为了销售深夜福利在线播放,还逐步给深夜在线福利视频介绍这些装备的使用方法、注意事项和保养的知识,而且给深夜在线福利视频介绍的店员还伸出大拇指说你们选的都是非常好的,非常专业的。Aymeric 交款退税,这里要说一下关于到霞穆尼的刷卡消费和退税,网上说的银联大部分商店都可以用是不靠谱的,在霞穆尼就没找到有能刷银联卡的地方,幸亏来之前换了足够的欧元和一张备用的万事达卡,不然可真就成了入宝山空手而归了,所以大家如果出行最好还是带着VISA或者万事达才靠谱。选择可以直接人民币还款的比较省事儿,直接按照当天的汇率结算,省去购汇还款的麻烦。摄影之友新媒体运营总监“梓朕”(左)和“皮带断了古进”关于退税,这边的规定是当日单笔消费超过175.01欧元就可以申请退税,店里的工作人员会为你填好退税单,只需出示护照就OK了,欧洲的退税办理分为两个不同的退税公司GLOBE BLUE PREMIETTAX GREE(环球蓝联)和EUTOTEFUND GTOUP(这个不知道怎么翻译,应该是个什么贸易组织之类的)。我个人觉得环球蓝联的比较方便,直接到海关出境处就可以退现金;EUTOTEFUND GTOUP的退税是需要退到信用卡里的,深夜在线福利视频基本上回到国内不到半个月就都收到了退税,效率还是比较高的,虽然后来出境退税时出现了一个有意思的小插曲儿,这个留到后面再说。Aymeric(左)Hugues(右)今天是周六,在我们酒店门前的广场上有一个临时的集贸市场,基本上都是当地农场自产的农副深夜福利在线播放,看了一下价格还是挺实惠的,不过深夜在线福利视频就要去进行适应训练了,无暇光顾,只能匆匆而过,深夜在线福利视频一行12个人加3个教练正好三辆车,三个教练又兼任了司机的工作,这边的汽车以两厢车和三厢旅行款为主,吉普车不多,三厢的轿车基本上看不到,车型不算新,但车况都不错,有不少经典的老款车型。驱车二十分钟左右,一路盘旋上升,深夜在线福利视频来到缆车站停车场,在这里Aymeric给深夜在线福利视频分配了这两天训练的路餐,已经快十二点了,今天深夜在线福利视频要到达Refuge木屋,在停车场简单吃了点路餐,合影购票,缆车上的风景很漂亮,天气也很不错,这边有很多老外在玩儿山地车速降,感觉非常刺激,有一个专业的赛道,竟然还有妈妈带着十一二岁的小朋友玩儿这个,在国内可能有点不敢想象的。深夜在线福利视频要乘坐两段缆车,缆车票是单次往返的,有效期一直到11月底,到达山脊上的缆车站,接下来深夜在线福利视频要徒步上升大概五六百米去到Refuge木屋,距离大概七八公里的样子,前半部分路段都比较好走,最后一段碎石陡坡路段需要手脚并用了,第一天训练,大家的热情还是比较高的,一路上遇到很多从山上下来的登山爱好者,老人小孩儿都有,他们都会礼貌的和深夜在线福利视频打招呼,我学会的第一个法语单词就是Bonjour(你好)。但是为了向欧洲人民普及中文,我都提前大声跟他们说你好,有部分人也会学着我的发音和我打招呼。整装待发下午四点,深夜在线福利视频陆续到达Refuge木屋,阿尔卑斯山的登山环境很好,高山木屋的设施很齐备,有专门的鞋柜和存放柜,首先要脱下你的登山装备换上拖鞋,有专门放登山装备的塑料箱子和晾衣服的挂钩,一般不把除了随身的贵重物品之外的东西带到餐厅或宿舍。这里的物资全部是用直升飞机运送,阿尔卑斯山的高山木屋有着悠久的历史,对阿尔卑斯山的户外登山运动发展有着卓越的贡献,近似于公益性质,木屋里商品的价格也不是太贵,大部分可以通过网络和电话预定,高山木屋从9月底到第二年的4月大部分是关闭的。Refuge木屋正在进行改建,资金来自各行各业的捐赠,里面的工作人员有一部分是志愿者,深夜在线福利视频将是今年最后一批使用Refuge木屋的登山者。小木屋的志愿者吃过晚饭深夜在线福利视频早早回到宿舍开会,宿舍是两排二层铺位,能住24个人,因为现在登山的人不多,只有深夜在线福利视频一队住在这个房间。在宿舍做了一个简短的总结,Aymetic问了一下大家对今天徒步的感受,是否有不适之类,并且告知深夜在线福利视频未来几天的天气有可能会变的很糟,但大家的精神面貌都不错,可以说是信心满满,最后我们15个人分成三组:罗静、杨波、贺源、古进由Aymetic带队为第一组;凯伊、王冠、我和婷婷由Hugues带队为第二组;梓朕、花而、Angela、无痕由因Elodie带队为第三组。明天不用起的太早,大伙还躺在床上侃了会儿大山,房间有点小冷,不过休息的还都不错。 三、大雾来袭、全员登顶白头峰早上七点队友们陆续起床,感觉有点凉,室外被浓雾笼罩,变天了,能见度很低,餐厅提供的早餐还可以,有热牛奶、咖啡、红茶,配上面包果酱,昨天体力消耗不大,早上实在没什么胃口,简单吃了两片面包,这里的小木屋热水是收费的,2欧元1L。待大伙收拾好已经快九点了,山上的大雾没有消散的迹象,Aymetic告诉深夜在线福利视频未来几天的天气可能都很糟糕。深夜在线福利视频九点整准时出发,小木屋的旁边就是冰川,但深夜在线福利视频要先经过一段碎石路段上到冰川上,距离大概五六百米。世界杂志“贺源”我的东北老乡深夜在线福利视频到达冰川后开始结组,穿好冰爪,海拔较低的这一段冰川相对陡峭,这里的能见度只有100多米,不时出现一些冰裂缝,不过都不是很宽,一步就能跨过去,过了这段低海拔的冰川是就是雪坡了,坡度不大,行进的速度适中,几个教练都非常的专业,按照一定的频率和节奏缓步攀升,大概继续行进一小时左右到达一处有裸露岩石的避风地,深夜在线福利视频在这里稍事休整,简单的补充一下高热食品和热水,继续前进。后面的路程大部分都是雪坡的行走,其中有一处较大的裂缝有一点点危险,山上的雾时聚时散,已经有早出发的登山者开始下山了,我们大概总共用了五六个小时登顶TETE BLANCHE(白头峰),海拔3429M,海拔上升将近700M,最后一段有三十米左右雪岩混合攀登。前两组基本上同时登顶,深夜在线福利视频在背风处解决午餐的时候,第三组也顺利的登顶了,云雾渐渐减弱,山顶处的风比较大,深夜在线福利视频随即下撤,下午三点多回到Refuge木屋,简单的收拾后都来到餐厅喝茶聊天。“梓朕”说他最后是用腰带动腿走下来的,惟妙惟肖的边说边跟深夜在线福利视频演示,一度成为深夜在线福利视频这次旅程的笑谈。而“花而”更是大声感叹:“Lafuma带深夜在线福利视频玩儿真的”。 晚餐后照例还是一个小小的总结会:今天婷婷在冰岩混合攀登的路段脚崴了一下,决定放弃第二天的训练;梓朕、Agela和无痕身体不适也放弃了第二天的训练;Aymetic根据今天大家的表现又重新给深夜在线福利视频从新进行了编组。Aymetic和Hugues带两组人继续按照计划攀登第二座适应训练山峰,剩下的由Elodie带领进行简单一点的适应性训练。明天很早就要起来,今天大家的体力消耗也比较大,都早早的休息了,据“凯伊”说我刚刚躺下说了一句话就睡过去了,看来还真是不轻松。四、风雪交加、雨雾相伴中完成测试训练三点半准时起床,“凯伊”有点感冒,今天参加训练的队友又少了一个,餐厅已经准备好早餐,已经有人一早出发了。深夜在线福利视频吃过早餐,Aymetic和Hugues带领深夜在线福利视频五名队员一早出发,Aymetic带杨波、罗静和皮带断了;Hugues带着我和王冠,室外漆黑一片,空气湿度很大,头灯的光亮只能照到前面的队友。今天前段的路程和昨天一样,过碎石坡、冰川、雪坡,天色渐亮,云层很高,有点黑云压顶的感觉,今天训练的山峰是在瑞士境内的Aiguille du Tour,海拔3542M,比昨天的略高,路程相对较短,但难度有所提升,特别是后段的冰岩混合的攀升,基本上都是70°以上的混合岩壁。 经过两个多小时的跋涉到达岔路,昨天的雾比较大,只能看到一串延伸的胶印,今天一眼就能看到这个大雪坡的顶端,50°左右的雪坡,顶部是一段雪岩结合的垭口,我和王冠的教练Hugues告诉深夜在线福利视频翻过这个垭口就是瑞士境内了,我们会在垭口处休息。前面隐约能看到三五个登山者,由于坡度较大,深夜在线福利视频只能做Z字形爬升,最不喜欢走的就是雪坡了,特别是有雾的时候,四周没有参照物,感觉就像一直在原地转悠,非常折磨人。这种雪坡对体力的消耗非常大,一脚下去雪已经快到膝盖了,高山靴上粘的雪让脚步愈加沉重,上面不时有雪滚下来,经过将近一个小时的努力,终于翻过了折磨人的大雪坡,上面一段几十米的冰岩混合有点小难度,王冠以前从没爬过这样的山,速度不快,对于不是经常户外的她来说非常不容易,但是她的意志力和耐力都很棒,很有登山的潜质。垭口上的云雾时聚时散,Aymetic告诉深夜在线福利视频雨夹雪马上就要来了,不知道他是看了天气预报还是经验之谈,深夜在线福利视频抓紧赶路,接下来是一段较缓的雪坡,山上的风越来越大,云雾被风吹散,已经能看到深夜在线福利视频今天要登顶的Aiguille du Tour了,远远就能看到在雪岩混合附近的一条大冰裂缝。 走到跟前,冰裂缝最宽处大概七八米,窄的地方也有两三米,有一座一尺多宽的雪桥,这个雪桥还是有点危险的,深夜在线福利视频都安全的通过了,虽然姿势各式各样,接下来到顶峰的是雪岩混合攀登,用了将近大半个小时左右,山顶的雾比较大,我和王冠在冰岩混合路段行进的比较慢,对于第一次接触冰岩混合攀登的王冠来说有点难,最后还是能够顺利登顶。在山顶拍照留念,山顶雾大风急,补充一点能量开始下撤,俗话说上山容易下山难,这段冰岩对我来说比较适合,因为平时都有经常攀岩,王冠开始有点害怕,克服了恐惧心理就好多了,深夜在线福利视频顺利下撤到雪桥。速度虽然不快,但收获很大,特别是王冠童鞋。今天的训练没感觉特别累,深夜在线福利视频下山的时候开始飘起了雪花,雪越下越大,在下山的路上遇到了进行简单体能训练的几位队友,等深夜在线福利视频回到小木屋,这里的工人已经开始清理小木屋的物资了,所以今天中午只能吃自己携带的给养。一架小型直升机负责运送物资,有十几个工人在忙碌,深夜在线福利视频整理好携带的物资和装备,开始在风雪中下撤,随着海拔逐渐下降,雪变成雨夹雪,由变成雨,浓雾依然和深夜在线福利视频一路相伴,造的都挺狼狈的,深夜在线福利视频乘坐缆车回到山下,在缆车站旁边的一个咖啡屋取暖,这个季节爬山的人不多,滑雪的季节也没到,咖啡屋里只有一个老人为深夜在线福利视频成人深夜福利视频,这里的红茶和咖啡都很不错。 率先登顶的第一组Aymetic和Hugues两个人一直在商量未来几天的天气,队友们各自对这两天的训练进行了总结,Aymetic告诉深夜在线福利视频未来几天勃朗峰有暴风雪,可能会有时速达到50公里以上的大风,基本上登顶勃朗峰的计划难以完成了,而且根据这两天的训练来看,即使是非常好的天气,全队也不可能全部登顶勃朗峰,可能是深夜在线福利视频开始就把勃朗峰想象的太简单了吧,因为大部分队员在国内都是攀登过海拔五六千米的雪山,相对海拔只有4810M的勃朗峰大家还是比较有信心的。而阿尔卑斯山的雪山相对攀登的海拔要比国内大部分雪山的高,对体力和毅力要求很大,而且其中有很多地方需要技术攀登才能通过,Aymetic和Hugues根据所有队员这三天的训练表现告诉我们,如果天气允许,只有杨波、罗静、皮带和我有可能登顶勃朗峰。哥!你干啥呢? Aymetic提议可以带深夜在线福利视频到意大利境内去爬一座海拔4000+的山峰,是阿尔卑斯山的一座完全在意大利境内的最高峰——大帕拉迪索峰,大家最后经过讨论决定分成两组,由Hugues带四名可能登顶勃朗峰的队员在霞慕尼多休整一天等待天气好转,剩下的队员由Aymetic和Elodie带队去意大利攀登大帕拉迪索(4061M)。下午回到酒店,美美的洗了一个热水澡,因为外边正下着雨,也没有出门逛街的欲望了,晚餐在酒店旁边的一个意大利餐馆,Aymetic和Hugues联合推荐,酒店前台的成人深夜福利视频员也向深夜在线福利视频推荐,这里的意大利面很正宗,还有海鲜面也非常棒。今晚可以好好的睡个觉了,明天自然醒——扫街!!!五、小镇休整、感受欧洲休闲度假小镇的悠闲今天是深夜在线福利视频这次法国之旅最惬意的一天了,虽然山顶云雾缭绕,但山谷中的霞慕尼小镇却阳光明媚、温暖宜人。吃过早餐,队员们三五成群的结伴闲逛,今天有充足的时间感受霞慕尼小镇。之前大家有商量过,如果天气好可以去乘坐观光直升机、飞滑翔伞或者乘坐缆车上到南针峰的,但山顶的能见度不是很理想,深夜在线福利视频只能选择在小镇里溜达了。深夜在线福利视频悠闲的走在霞慕尼的街道上,逛的最多的当属各大世界顶级品牌的户外店了,在国内驴友比较熟悉的ARC’ TERYX(始祖鸟)、THENORTH FACE(北面)、MARMOT(土拨鼠)、MOUNTAINHARDWARE(哈德威尔)、Columbia(哥伦比亚)、Haglofs(火柴棍)、MSR、PETZL(攀索)、BD(黑钻)、Salomon(萨洛蒙)、Suunto(松拓)、的Norrona(老人头)、patagonia(巴塔哥尼亚)、Mammut(猛犸象)、ASLEWA(沙乐华)、LEKI、La Sportiva、OR、OSPREY(奥斯普瑞)、Gregory(格里高利)等等,我能叫上名字的就有二三十个之多,这还不包括一些其他滑雪、骑行、滑翔伞等等户外运动品牌,还有一些根本在国内没见过的品牌,真的是比国内的户外展品牌还多。当然还有深夜在线福利视频本次活动的主办方LAFUMA(乐飞叶)的专卖店。其他卖旅游纪念品的小店也特别多,怎么说呢,好些东西制造的不是特别精细,木制品、树脂的摆件和冰箱贴、明信片等等,价格从几欧到几十欧不等,还是要买一点小纪念品回去送朋友们的。原来法国著名的百年奢侈品牌“Mont Blanc”就是勃朗峰的意思,LOGO就是根据俯瞰勃朗峰设计的,在中国深夜在线福利视频叫它“万宝龙”!真是读万卷书不如行万里路啊。奢侈品看看就好,对深夜在线福利视频这些活跃在山海之间的驴子们来说还是搞点户外装备实在。([]
钓鱼的日子前言 我的户外生活是从钓鱼开始的,在出国9年里生活最杂乱无章的时候,是那些个坐在湖边看日出日落的日子给了我一片呼吸的空间,让我坚持梦想,没有被现实一波波的挑战给淹没。本来抱着以图片为主的打算整理这个帖子,但是没想到一提起笔却变得一发不可收拾。对那些等着看照片的驴友们道个歉了,这么多的字写出来不发有点对不起自己。大家忍耐着先听我啰嗦吧,要知道苦尽甘来,熬过前几楼枯燥的文字,照片会有的,视频会有的,甚至3点式艳照也不是遥不可求的。。。目录引子-------------------------------------2楼-3楼https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1692701-pid-29065835.html第一季 橡皮艇---------------------------------4楼-35楼https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1692701-pid-29065870.html 第二季 房船行---------------------------------197楼-323楼https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1692701-pid-29216361.html----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------第三季连接 钓鱼的日子第三季 引子2010年上半年是我生命中一段类似黎明前的黑暗的日子,毕业3年多了,仍旧做着低预算的MV和企业宣传片。出国前抱着一腔热血设想的名导演和好莱坞巨片的远大前程在每天的柴米油盐酱醋茶中变得越来越渺茫。熬到春暖花开的3月初,我做完手里最后一个项目而下一张支票还没有着落的时候,一个自称是沈阳老乡的男人找到我。我一般不喜欢中国人非得喜欢被人叫英文名儿。尤其是这种英文都不会说的中国人,而且他介绍自己时不是大大方方地跟你握手说,‘我是Eric’,而是像个小姑娘一样扭扭捏捏地跟你先笑一下,然后才含蓄地说,‘你就叫我Eric吧’。我心里想咱们沈阳怎么出了这么个娘娘腔。但不管是不是娘娘腔,东北人都是活雷锋的传统还是要继续的。英文都不会讲的Eric在湖边的西区盘下了一个老外的酒吧,经营了1个月后才发现原来自己根本不是这块料,于是绕七绕八地转了好几个华人圈子,终于找到我的头上。从电影学院毕业后我已经几年不做调酒师了,总觉得自己具备陶渊明不为五斗米折腰的气派,可是在银行账户里那么几个可怜的数字面前,我终于发现现实并未赋予我那种勇气。Eric的酒吧是在西区和市中心交界处,那是个五花八门什么人都有的地盘。上班一个月后没少赶走那些醉酒的吸毒的和闹事的。为了节省开支,Eric找来的几个女孩子都没什么经验,也没有酒牌,只能靠着我一个人撑着场子。每个周末的晚上坐在吧台里看着舞台上的DJ翻唱着别人的歌曲,舞台下一群靠酒精和大麻而醉生梦死的各色人群,真有种恍如隔世的感觉,生活怎么这么喜欢折腾人呢?据说天将降大任于斯人也,必先苦其心志,劳其筋骨,饿其体肤,空乏其身,行拂乱其所为,所以动心忍性,曾益其所不能。我都混到这个地步了,也不要求什么拯救天下苍生之重任,就让我做点自己喜欢的事儿还不行吗?但是看来我的生活还没有跌到最低谷。4月13号,星期六,趁着那天晚上难得安静,我把前台交给几个跑堂的女孩子后便去酒库里查库存。这种旧式的老楼颇有恐怖片的感觉,通向地下室的楼梯又窄又黑,一脚踩上去就咯吱咯吱地响。头上的地板也不知道多少年头了,能听到楼上传来的音乐声,女人高跟鞋走过的声音,还有隐隐约约地对话,只是顺着地板缝传过来的声音好像另外一个世界的感觉。我坐在酒桶上一排排地数过红酒,白酒,啤酒,烈酒。。。数着数着就数不清楚了,刚才是数到五十还是六十了? 得了,从头开数吧,走回第一排红酒,1,2,3,4,5。。。数着数着一抬头,发现又数不清楚了。。。再走回第一排红酒,抬头看着那个叫Santa Monica的牌子,突然间连我在这儿干嘛都想不起来了,然后莫名其妙的忧伤就带着排山倒海的气势向我涌来,我站在原地措手无策,茫然中只有种放声大哭地冲动。记得小时候老妈是个异常坚强的女人,面对我的哭泣从来没有所谓慈母的关怀,而是一本正经地教训我,谁又没欺负你,动不动地哭什么!就算被人欺负了,哭又不解决问。赶紧洗把脸该干嘛干嘛去!其实我也想问自己,是啊,谁也没欺负我,为什么我就觉得这么委屈呢?胸口好像积蓄着一股力量,呼吸困难,大脑一片空白,只想大哭一场,痛哭一场,找个没有人烟的地方放声喊叫!这究竟是种什么感觉啊!就在我酝酿感情打算发泄一下的时候,楼上突然‘砰’的一声,好像桌子被掀翻了,连我正上方的地板都跟着震动,接着是几秒钟的空白,然后就听到一连串的杯子破碎,椅子倒地,女人尖叫的声音。我心一沉,出事了!我三步并两步跑回楼上,只看到酒吧靠近DJ的位置都是打翻的桌椅,杯子,酒水满地一片狼藉,酒吧里一群客人都围在门口的玻璃前面好像看热闹一样,两个跑堂的女孩子被吓得躲到吧台后面,看到我上来像看到救命草一样一把抓住我,然后比较娇小的那个女孩就哗哗开哭。我暗自想,你姐姐我还想哭呢,怎么这哭还带抢的。。。不管怎么说,这两个女孩子哭哭啼啼地总算把事情说清楚了,但其实说清楚也不清楚,我下楼没多久,就有3个凶神恶煞满身刺青的男人冲进来,没要酒也不说话,一进来就冲到舞台上把鼓手给按住了,据说那个鼓手看着挺单薄的,居然也挺有体面地挣扎了一番,加上乐队其他人在旁边拉扯,舞台周围的桌椅酒水全没能幸免。估计那3个人是专业打架的,没多久就把鼓手扯出酒吧,在转角的马路上开始拳打脚踢。等我赶上来时那群客人就是围在玻璃前面看热闹呢。听到这里我心里有了点地,这不是酒吧客人闹事,听起来像是鼓手自己惹着谁了。而且人被拉到酒吧外面打,最起码这不会影响到酒吧的执照和酒牌。当然了,至于鼓手被打得怎么样我就顾不上了。想到这里我赶紧打电话报警,叫救护车,然后指挥这两个女孩子收拾残局。10分钟后警车和救护车呼啸而来,看来这种事儿警察也见多了,没把责任波及到旁人,录了口供后就去医院找受害人了。据说那个鼓手挺禁打,除了皮外伤到没什么要紧的。我松了口气,然后打电话给Eric报告酒吧的损失和善后,没想到Eric根本没把这当回事,人已经跑去赌场了,在充满噪音的电话告诉我他现在运气好正忙着赢钱,干脆直接把酒吧处理权全权交给了我。我放下电话,心想我怎么摊到这么个老板,然后转过身正要安慰安慰那两个女孩子,想说咱们打扫卫生提前关门。没想到这两个人配合得太默契了,已经拎着各自的提包,畏畏缩缩地站在门口看着我。稍微高大一点的女孩小心翼翼地对我说,那个。。。依非姐姐,深夜在线福利视频俩想好了,觉得还是不太适合在这里上班。这么说走就走的太对不起你了,那你看。。。今天的薪水就不用给深夜在线福利视频开了。深夜在线福利视频俩都是来读书的,不想因为在这里上班影响到学校的成绩。。。我叹了口气,这两个孩子还是不禁事啊。。。不过想想人家也不容易,万里迢迢地来到这儿读书,想赚点外快还遇到这种事儿。而且不管怎么说还算有良心(或者真的是被吓到了),连今天的薪水都不要了。我想起6年前刚出国后第一次打工的自己,将心比心,那时的我估计也会和这两个女孩子做出同样的决定。想到这儿,我把两个人的薪水开了出来,又把今天小费塞给她们俩,既然Eric让我全权负责,我也犯不着替他心疼银子。送走这两位大小姐,酒吧里就剩下我一个人。我这才发现楼上吧台的酒还没补,地没拖,桌子也没擦,这两位今天还真是我的大小姐了。。。凌晨2点,老公开车来接我。锁门前看着空荡荡酒吧,好像和什么事儿也没发生一样。我这才发现自己有种被抽空的感觉,一个月来超速的生活节奏好像在这一刻都静止了下来。我突然想不明白自己究竟是在干什么,当初那么艰难地办出国,从地球一面飞到另外一面,在一个陌生的国度里一切从头开始,难道就是为了每天的生计而奔波,被这些杂七杂八的琐事纠缠,数着手里的现金和一天天没有未来的日子?想当初我也是有理想有志气的上进青年啊。。。看到上了车就发呆的我,老公莫名其妙地说,你这是怎么了?对了,刚才从玻璃里看到你在酒吧扫地拖地搬椅子,堂堂的大导演拖起地来也挺有范的啊。‘堂堂大导演’。。。我是堂堂大导演吗。。。我轻轻念着这句带着玩笑意味的话,眼泪一下子就喷了出来,怎么都止不住。面对这个天打雷劈都能够冷静平和的男人,我撑了一个晚上的神经终于松弛了下来。有的时候怎么都想不明白这个大我9岁的俄罗斯男人的思维,让我觉得泄气无聊的项目他也能一心一意地做好,让我觉得厌恶愤慨的挑剔客户他也能心平气和地对待,即使面对着委屈大哭的老婆,他也只是递过来一盒纸巾,安静地等我眼泪哭干,发泄完毕,然后启动发动机,转过头对我说,深夜在线福利视频今天钓鱼去。钓鱼?! 钓鱼?!4月初,多伦多还是早春的天气。凌晨2点半,老公在24小时的麦当劳给我买了咖啡和苹果派,然后回家取了钓具和户外的行头,去湖边的路有200公里,老公难得没有飞车,而是稳稳当当地开了2个多小时。我在大哭一场后开始犯困,但是消灭掉咖啡和苹果派后又睡不着了,只是梦游一样,一路看着高速上零星的灯火飞驰而过,这个时间都是从club回来的夜生活一族,一辆辆宝马奔驰在车辆稀少的高速上飞过,难以想象仅仅5年前的我也曾是其中一员,心里说不清是感慨还是酸涩,乱七八糟的心情和困意搅在一起冲击着有些麻木的大脑。渐渐地高速变成辅路,辅路变成乡村小路。一路的风景仿佛生活里那些或起或浮的片断一样在眼前闪过。深夜在线福利视频在黎明前到达Belwood湖边,这是在一条河流上截段后人工围起的水库。河的源头在北边的山脉上,整条河经过400公里渐缓的地势,在南边流入安大略湖。据说20世纪初这条河经常在春天洪水泛滥,于是被命名为Grand River,名为气势宏大之意。20世纪中后期加拿大工业崛起,在这条河上开发了4个人工水库,春季蓄水秋季放水,从此断绝了水患。Belwood在4个水库里水量排第二名,水坝落差有10几米,哗哗的落水声在这样黎明前的黑暗里显得额外震撼。到了湖边的停车场,我像木偶一样和老公一起换上户外的行头,一脚深一脚浅地摸着黑走到湖边。我呼了一口气,看到呼出的热气和冰冷的空气接触,变成一团白雾,上升后渐渐扩散到空中。此时的湖面一丝风也没有,平静的湖水反射着点点星光,反倒显得更深不可测。我支开座椅,靠在椅背上开始有点昏昏欲睡的感觉。老公支起钓竿,挂上鱼饵,钓线咻的一声带着鱼饵在空中划出一道弧线,然后啪地在湖面上激起一道道水纹。我靠在折叠椅上,看着钓竿一次次地甩出,收回,甩出,收回,如此重复的声音让我在这黎明前的黑暗中开始有种恍然如梦的感觉。就在我快要分不清楚梦境和现实的时候,这个循回愕然而止,随之而来的是一片稀里哗啦的水声,然后就听到鱼线轮嗡嗡松线的声音。‘上钩了!’老公兴奋地喊道。我腾地从椅子上坐起来,在一片漆黑中用目光勉强搜索着那条细细的鱼线。老公挣扎着拔起手中的钓竿,猛地向空中拽起。然后收钓线,再拽起,再收钓线,突然间我看到一条一尺多长的鱼身从水中跳出,在空中翻了个身后重重地落回水面。老公兴奋地转向我喊道,‘Shit!!!这是个大个儿的!’看着鱼线越来越近,我觉得全身的神经都绷紧了,直到鱼线拖近岸边,老公兴奋地戴上手套,然后小心翼翼地提起鱼线,在鱼饵上赫然挂着一条一尺多长的鲈鱼。这是我第一次如此近距离地接近钓鱼,我不相信地伸手碰了碰鱼身,惹得这条鲈鱼在半空中剧烈地挣扎了一下。老公哈哈大笑道,人的体温碰到鱼,就像火碰到人一样,这是烧伤啊!不知道是老公的激动感染了我,还是这个所谓烧伤的逻辑让我觉得滑稽,我也抑制不住地大笑起来。就在这不知不觉中,天边开始发白,还没等我反应过来,一轮新鲜的红日从水面上跳了出来。橙红的颜色霎时间洒满了整个湖面,我看着鱼身上滴下的水珠映着朝阳鲜艳的色彩,听到自己的笑声在湖面上荡起回音,一个月来积压在心中的郁闷和迷茫,都在这一刻变得烟消云散。难以想象一个人的心境可以在如此短暂的一天里有这么大的起伏。未来如此漫长,我这么点无足重轻的磨难估计时间里连个萤火般的痕迹都没留下吧。 第一季事实证明,生活是一面镜子,每天摆着个苦脸得到的就还是苦脸。当我把心态摆正后发现日子原来并没有那么糟糕。和大多数留学生,移民相比我应该算是幸运的。绿卡在毕业后2年就拿到了,打工虽然操心点儿,但是总的来说工资还是比较丰裕的,暂时没有买房子,但是租的也算是中高级公寓了,中央空调游泳池网球场健身房一应俱全,18楼正对着安大略湖的风景,真的是没什么可抱怨的。其实影视界在哪里都是一个没门路和关系就不容易立足的群体。估计是我期待值太高了,同样作为移民的老公和我在北美没有根基,毕业后能够自己承接到项目其实就已经很不错了。于是我开始心平气和的每天发简历,跑关系,晚上去酒吧看场打烊,有空闲就去湖边钓鱼散心。当然了我的所谓钓鱼,其实就是大多数时候坐在岸边看风景,读书,偶尔甩甩鱼竿摆摆样子。然后在老公钓到鱼后捡漏和善后。摆样子看书出国这么多年,最大的发现应该就是命运太他妈喜欢捉弄人了。。。4月底,就在我开始适应这样简单而有规律的生活时,老公居然竞到一个政府部门的教育片后期制作。政府的项目钱多,要求简洁,时间紧凑,1个月后交片完工,几万大洋就到手了。拿到支票那天老公对我调皮地眨眨眼,然后神秘地说道,我想到一个好主意!船?!买船这个念头被老公塞到我的脑子里之后又引起了我的短期健忘症。所谓短期健忘症,就是我在过渡兴奋中会暂时摆脱现实中柴米油盐酱醋茶的纠缠,全身心地投入到一个充满童话意味的幻想世界中。在这个幻想世界中我为自己勾画出一副矫情的画面:暖暖的阳光普照在一片碧波之上,放眼望去,诺大的湖面只有一艘白色游艇停在湖心,甲板上面支着一把超大的遮阳伞,遮阳伞下面是一个蓝色条纹的躺椅,一个身穿比基尼的少妇慵懒地坐在躺椅上,一手拿着一本英文版的傲慢与偏见,一手拿着一杯橙色的鸡尾酒,酒杯在半空中骄傲地反射着太阳的光芒。但是身为编剧的现实经常喜欢在我美梦高潮阶段来个晴天霹雳,直接了当地将我的白日梦打成比水纹还细的碎片。。。我怎么也想不明白,做项目时那么正经的老公怎么能想出这么个具有创意的想法?以深夜在线福利视频目前的经济状况来讲,游艇是不用说了。每年1月份深夜在线福利视频都去看多伦多的游艇展,每一次我都饶有兴致地去把每一艘几百万大洋的豪华游艇都逛一遍。然后我发现,在这个资本主义社会买个中小型游艇其实一点都不贵,而最贵的是那些游艇俱乐部的停船费,维护费,油费,每年要交给政府的行驶证,钓鱼证,还有运输船只时要交的养路费,保险,等等等等。资本主义社会的乱收费一点也不亚于封建社会,在众多名义的收费之后你会发现买船其实一点都不贵。不就是5千块的首付加上每个月300多大洋嘛!但是在你交足300多大洋之后会发现所有的保养费加在一起远远高于这个数目。所以我经常说,资本主义就像化了浓妆的女朋友,结婚后卸了妆才发现原来要携手度过终身的是一只恐龙。算了,游艇咱们买不起,买个冲锋艇总可以吧。这次还没等我继续畅想呢,老公就一把将我从美梦中拉了回来。原来冲锋艇咱们买得起,但是老公很现实地告诉我,咱们没买过船,很多关于船的保养,码头管理,马达配置,零件修补等等等等都要从头学起。所以别做美梦了,还是先买个简单的充气艇玩玩吧。当然这句话还有个后半截,那就是以我现在的钓鱼水平,根本还不够买船的资格。。。虽然第一次买船并没有电影剧本中那所谓美梦成真般的美好,我确也着实地激动了一把。其实钓鱼是一种心情,或是像姜太公一样在水墨画一般的风景中垂钓,或是像海明威一样在狂风大作中拼搏,钓鱼这个过程本身就已经把深夜在线福利视频从现实生活的各种烦恼中拉了出来,不管钓不钓得到鱼,呼吸一下新鲜空气总是好的。当然,这是我钓不到鱼时安慰自己的想法,后来钓到鱼了就发现这些都是胡扯,弄条大的鲈鱼回家做水煮鱼才是正道! 充气艇处女行先来点介绍吧官方网站:https//www.seaeagle.com型号:124 smb全套价位:1000美金额外需要购买:电马达,电池。 600-700美金。加上一些零配件,邮费,一共2000美金上下。接下来是细节外部长度376cm x 167.6cm重量23kg容量4 人或 707.6 kg可用马达6马力 (34 kg)内部长度215.9cm x 94cm两端浮筒直径45.72 cm平铺大小68.5cm x 61cm x 30.4cm充气部分3 部分用料38 mil Polykrylar (K80 PVC)接缝高频率焊接空气阀3 DeLUXE One Way速度5-6 mph 汽油马达, 4-5 mph 电马达充气和组装时间15 分钟来几段看图说话吧。从左到右装电马达的袋子,电马达,上方的盒子是电池,老公手里拿的是装充气艇的袋子。平展开的充气船 开始充气!我也来凑热闹! 充到三分之一时要把后面的条板安上。 开始有模有样了! 充气完毕! 装电池和马达! 大功告成!准备下水! 终于能够舒舒服服地坐在船里看书了! 电马达和电池 船长来摆个pose! 找到好地方了! 钓几杆吧! 第一次处女行没什么太多的亮点。总的来说充气艇还算成功,因为是平底,没有乘风破浪的感觉,用电马达行驶速度挺慢的。但是好处是坐在里面比较惬意,船底很软,可以躺在里面晒太阳,有点躺在浮垫上的感觉。这种充气艇适合加拿大东区小型湖密集的地方,湖面不大,没什么风浪,但是要看天气,阴天下雨没问,但是暴风雨交加时还是有危险的。深夜在线福利视频是抱着使用期一年的打算买的这个充气艇,1年后更换冲锋艇,电池和马达还可以继续使用。因为充气艇的使用范围有限制,这一年里就在多伦多西北部200公里左右的地面转悠,新手在小湖面上练习比较容易,居然像我这种心思都在晒太阳上的人都能钓到鱼! 来个成果集锦吧白斑狗鱼。这种鱼有内陆湖小鲨鱼之称,非常凶狠,生命力顽强,钓起来特别过瘾。吃起来有带鱼的感觉,我一般喜欢清理干净后切成段,在淡口味的啤酒里泡一个晚上,第二天裹上拌了盐,胡椒,味精的面里煎到两面金黄,味道超级棒! 来个正面的 继续白斑狗鱼 第一次雨中钓鱼,收获不小!P.S. 可以看出深夜在线福利视频那个时候刚开始搞户外,连Gore-Tex是什么都不知道,穿的还是塑料雨衣呢! 这鱼不是我钓的,但是摆个样子照相还是可以滴!鱼线上的小鱼是河鲈。加拿大的鱼分类管制,狗鱼一人限制2条,小河鲈不分大小,一人限制6条。小河鲈简单清理一下,裹点面炸着吃很不错。或者多攒点弄成鱼酱也可以。 开始眩鲈鱼了!肥大的鲈鱼超级好吃! 我一般会片肉来做水煮鱼,自己炸辣子,鱼骨鱼头用来做汤底,说得我自己都开始饿了。。。当然还有第二种常见的吃法,去头去骨,鱼肉留两大块,用啤酒,玉米粉,淀粉,盐,胡椒,红椒粉拌成糊状,把鱼肉在里面沾一下,然后上热油煎。这个做法简单省时,适合野营。 这条是我钓到的!!!第一次钓鲈鱼,太开心了! 这次收获太大了!回家晒鱼干吃吧! 准备清理,然后架锅开始吃饭! 插播一下在同一个湖上的游艇。这是小型游艇,买一艘2万大洋,每个月停放费,维护费,清洁费,油费,等等等等在1千以上。。。不过开起来真拉风啊。。。 加拿大东部地势平坦,配上各种格局的小型湖,虽然算不上气势滂湃,却也有碧波荡漾的宜人。那段时间几次在酒吧打烊后直接奔向湖边,躺在充气艇上小眯一会,再睁开眼后看到的是对比如此强烈的风景,让我有种恍恍惚惚的感觉。有的时候睁会突然忘记自己身在何处,好像酒吧和钓鱼之间的差距让我开始质疑生活的真实性。就像庄子他老人家在蝴蝶梦里那纠缠了多少个世纪的问:不知周之梦为蝴蝶与,蝴蝶之梦为周与? 早上的时候还没起风,湖面那种无法描述的静常常让我感慨无语。 ([]
这次旅行,始于冲动。喜欢一个男生。明知不成。但依旧在末日挣扎一下。被拒绝。理所应当。但,心里一下子还是接受不了。可能。其实,也没多喜欢。此时。喜欢的男生给我介绍一个女孩子,说想去东北玩。心情不好。正想出门。一拍即合。当场出票。24号到哈尔滨。孤单,一群人的狂欢。我想。和陌生的人。也许,会忘记不开心。可怜的是,第二天那个女孩又不想去了。可是我已经出票。我是一个不愿意改变计划的人。既然已经决定,一个人也要出发。喜欢的男生还劝我。不要去了。一个人没意思。又冷。可是我真的很想知道,在零下四十度的时候。哭出来的眼泪,会不会结冰。背上背包。出发。哈尔滨住在七天中央大街店。交通比较方便。逛中央大街和索菲亚教堂都很方便。推荐。当天吃了七天楼下的碳火火锅。挺便宜的。还有特色。上个图因为坐火车再加上在哈站折腾的。就没逛夜晚的中央大街回去睡觉。第二天早上睡到自然醒。大概十一点多起。哈哈。好吧。我很贪睡的。第二天中午吃了俄罗斯餐。好吧。真的很难吃。又贵。逛街逛的好冻啊。进商场暖暖。贴上暖宝。我一般都用在脚上。个人觉得非常有用。睫毛上都是冰啊。。哈尔滨街拍原谅我没做功课。索菲亚教堂原来是博物馆啊。二十块。门票。教堂教堂内部天有一点点黑了哈尔滨街拍开始了。乱拍。哈哈。好吧。一定要来吃冰棍。记得买二块的。最好吃。。。闲逛结束。晚八点的火车去漠河。20个小时。硬座。这是我有始以来第二长的硬座。上次是坐着火车去拉萨。真的坐。。哈哈。大概六点半从酒店出发的。因为怕打不到车啊。这次还好,运气不错。刚刚酒店出来不久就有一个司机愿意拉我。因为他刚刚从火车站过去。知道那不堵车。可能司机人好。一路又捡了两个也是火车站的。这样他一次就挣三份钱。哈哈。好人好报。来了哈站。我真的想骂。省会车站。我只能用脏乱差来形容。四个候车室又弄的很乱。来张图吧相比较而言。哈西站真的很干净漂亮。这是后话了。但是从哈站到哈西站。好远啊。公交要一个小时。。人还特多。PS。。有11路和96路直达。96路更快20个小时硬座开始。。出发就晚点十几分钟。说实话。我真的不太理解。始发站就晚点。还好。车上人不是特别多。身边坐的人又很好聊。其实聊聊天。时间很快过。我又是这么超喜欢说的人。哈哈跟大家分享经历。车到了嫩江。人明显变少。我可以一个人躺在在硬座当卧铺睡了。但是睡了一会儿发现真的好冷啊。就不敢睡了。一直到天亮。其实。真的没怎么睡。一直在聊天。发呆中渡过。过了塔河。我开始兴奋了。我离漠河越来越近了。。哈哈。晚点十分钟到达漠河。一路上陪伴我的赵师傅准时接我。赵师傅人真的超好。如果有需要可以M我。我可以提供电话。因为冬季不旺。我又是元旦之前到。包车是1000。包括三天的住宿。当然如果四个人的话。非常划算。但是。我是一个人。哈哈。没有约到伴。师傅给我送到一个叫佳家商务快捷酒店。。。话说。按家庭酒店的准。非常不错了。很干净。房间还算大。地热。很暖。据路上碰到的朋友说,自己定的话是150一天。双。很可惜。忘记拍照了。他家全都是自己家人在做。很用心。早餐很丰富。还免费。。我以为只有在星级酒店才吃的到免费早餐。哈哈。在漠河的第一天晚上。吃了一顿正宗的东北菜。春饼。东北大骨头。很好吃的。吃饱喝足,夜游徒步了一下漠河县城,人好少啊。除了偶尔见几个游客。基本没什么人。可能是太冷了。。哈哈。上点PP吧。赵师傅约了我第二天早上八点出发。他说深夜在线福利视频要住在北红村。路上有点远。所以早点出发。家庭旅馆的早餐七点半开始。没到八点师傅就来接我了。师傅告诉我,今天一路上没有吃午餐的地方,让我自备一些干粮当午餐。我给师傅买了一些。他说什么也不要。真是客气。清晨的漠河县城在车上看到的日出。太阳真心美。第一天就是个好天气。我的心情也多少阳光了点。一个人的时光。寒冷和温暖。著名的九曲十八弯。相机很差。拍不出好的片子。如果想看美图,只能自己百度了。我的相机真的无能为力了。怎么也拍不到全幅。哎。看来真的得更新设备了。而我又没钱。这才是最悲哀的。门票二十。上一个观景台。一下车就有人才收钱。没发票没票。就是二十块一位才让上去。个人真心觉得,这是圈地收费。远处的烟火。真的让我感受。说不明白的。这张是我极喜欢的PP。就像我的倒影。孤单的石头。正如孤单的我。一路行车大概快二个小时。终于到达中国地理意义上的最北点。乌苏里浅滩。原谅我功课没怎么做。一路上的知识都是可爱的赵师傅普及给我的。哈哈。师傅说北极村的不是真正的最北点。而是乌苏里江江心为界。上图吧。好美的。就是风真的好大。冷。冻的我想哭。师傅说。手机可以定位的话。这个地方可以定位到的俄罗斯了。可是我的手机不给力啊。定不到。哈哈。乌苏里江,我的倒影。([]
走进世博会——中国2010年上海世博会介绍(世博系列之一)目 录 前言 一、世界博览会历史 1、世界博览会的由来 2、历届世博会主办城市、名称和主 3、以往部分世博会简介 二、中国与世界博览会 1、中国与世博会的渊源 2、中国参加世博会的获奖深夜福利在线播放 3、新中国参加过的历届世博会 4、中国以往举办的世园会 三、2010年世界博览会(Expo 2010)总体介绍 1、上海世博会申办的过程 2、世博会主 3、会徽 4、吉祥物 5、确认参展的国家和组织 6、上海世博会场地 7、上海世博会园区规划 8、2010年上海世博会门票 9、上海世博会世博轴 10、上海世博会世博公园 11、上海世博会演艺中心 12、上海世博会世博中心 13、上海世博会世博论坛 14、上海世博会网上世博会 15、上海世博会文化演艺活动 16、上海世博会世博村 四、参展展馆 1、上海世博会主馆 2、上海世博会中国国家馆 3、亚洲馆 4、欧洲馆 5、美洲馆 6、非洲馆 7、大洋洲馆 8、其他国际组织馆 9、企业馆 10、上海世博会城市最佳实践区1# 老顽童thtsjy 前 言 2010年是世博年,深夜在线福利视频作为本届世博会举办地——上海的市民,愿为世博会尽绵薄之力。为此,深夜在线福利视频综合了参观《走进世博会——中国2010年世博会暨世博会历史回顾展览》(在上海展览馆举办)、探访“中国2010年上海世博会展示中心”(位于淮海中路香港新世界大厦三楼)以及收集的有关世博会资料,整理成庚寅年第一帖,奉献给诸位参考。鉴于深夜在线福利视频自身文字和拍照水平的局限、收集资料渠道的受限、整理功力的有限,本帖存在诸多不足,恳请各位指教,深表感谢! 16# zj522522 感谢以上各位支持,祝你们虎年吉祥! 17# 老顽童thtsjy 一、世界博览会历史 1、世界博览会的由来 在古代农耕社会,人们往往在庆贺丰收、宗教仪式、欢度喜庆的节日里展开交易活动,后来逐渐发展成为定期的、有固定场所的、以物品交换为目的的大型贸易及展示的集会。这就是世博会的最早形式。公元5世纪,波斯举办了第一个超越集市功能的展览会。 18世纪,随着新技术和新深夜福利在线播放的不断出现,人们逐渐想到举办与集市相似,但只展不卖,以宣传、展出新深夜福利在线播放和成果为目的的展览会。1791年捷克在首都布拉格首次举办了这样的展览会。随着科学技术的进步,社会生产力的发展,展览会的规模也逐步扩大,参展的地域范围从一地扩大到全国,由国内延伸到国外,直至发展成为由许多国家参与的世界性博览会。 26# 老顽童thtsjy 2、历届世博会主办城市、名称和主1851年英国伦敦万国工业产品大博览会1853年美国纽约万国工业深夜福利在线播放博览会1855年法国巴黎世界工农业和艺术博览会1862年英国伦敦国际工业和艺术博览会1865年爱尔兰都柏林世界博览会1867年法国巴黎第2届巴黎世界博览会1873年奥地利维也纳世界博览会1876年美国费城美国独立百年展览会1878年法国巴黎第3届巴黎世界博览会1880年澳大利亚墨尔本世界博览会1883年荷兰阿姆斯特丹国际博览会1889年法国巴黎第4届巴黎世界博览会1893年美国芝加哥哥伦布纪念博览会1897年比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会1900年法国巴黎第5届巴黎世界博览会1904年美国纪念路易斯安娜购置一百周年博览会1905年比利时列日世界博览会1906年意大利米兰世界博览会1908年英国伦敦世界博览会1910年比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会1913年比利时甘特世界博览会1915年美国旧金山巴拿马太平洋博览会1925年法国巴黎国际装饰美术博览会1926年美国费城建国150周年世界博览会1929年西班牙巴塞罗那世界博览会1933年美国芝加哥世界博览会——“一个世纪的进步”1935年比利时布鲁塞尔万国博览会——“通过竞争获取和平”1936年瑞典斯德哥尔摩世界博览会1937年法国巴黎现代生活艺术世界博览会——“现代世界的艺术和技术”1938年芬兰赫尔辛基航空世界博览会1939年比利时国际水资源博览会1939-1940年美国纽约世界博览会——“明日新世界”1939-1940年美国旧金山金门世界博览会1949年瑞典国际体育博览会1949年海地王子港世界博览会1953年以色列耶路撒冷世界博览会1954年意大利航海世界博览会1955年瑞典世界生活艺术博览会1955年意大利都灵国际体育博览会1956年以色列柑橘栽培展览会1957年德国柏林世界博览会1958比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会——“科学、文明和人性”1961年意大利都灵世界博览会1962年美国西雅图廿一世纪博览——“太空时代的人类”1964-1965年美国纽约世界博览会——“通过理解走向和平”1965年德国慕尼黑交通运输世界博览会1967年加拿大蒙持利尔世界博览会——“人类与世界”1968年美国圣安东尼奥世界博览会——“美洲大陆的文化交流”1970年日本大阪日本世界博览会——“人类的进步与和谐”1971年匈牙利布达佩斯世界狩猎博览会1974年美国斯波坎环境世界博览会——“无污染的进步”1975年日本冲绳国际海洋博览会——“海洋-充满希望的未来”1981年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1982年美国诺克斯维世界能源博览会——“能源-世界的原动力”1984年美国新奥尔良路易西安纳世界博览会——“河流的世界-水乃生命之源”1985年日本筑波万国博览会——“居住与环境人类的家居科技”1985年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1986年加拿大温哥华世界交通与通讯博览会——“交通与运输”1988年澳大利亚布里斯班世界博览会——“科技时代的休闲生活”1990年日本大阪世界博览会——“人类与自然”1991年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1992年西班牙塞维利亚世界博览会——“发现的时代”1992年意大利热那亚世界博览会——“哥伦布-船与海”1993年韩国大田世界博览会——“新的起飞之路”1998年葡萄牙里斯本海洋博览会——“海洋——未来的财富”1999年中国昆明世界博览会——“人与自然,迈向二十一世纪”2000年德国汉诺威世界博览会——“人类-自然-科技-发展”2005年日本爱知爱.地球博——“自然、城市、和谐——生活的艺术”2008年西班牙萨拉戈萨世界博览会2010年中国上海世界博览会——“城市,让生活更美好”2012年韩国丽水世界博览会2015年意大利米兰世界博览会 29# 老顽童thtsjy 3、历届部分世博会简介 水晶宫的魅力——1851年英国伦敦第一届世界博览会纪实 全世界第一场世界博览会——1851年万国工业博览会在英国首都伦敦的海德公园举行,展期是1851年5月1日至10月11日,主要内容是世界文化与工业科技,借此博览会英国在当时展现了工业革命后技冠群雄、傲视全球的辉煌成果。 “天时、地利、人和”催发了首届世博会 19世纪前半叶,欧洲工业革命正如火如荼地进行,科学技术的飞速发展,使人类生活发生了巨大的变化。 在英国,自维多利亚女王登基后,当时的英国在世界工业中一马当先。同时资本的高速聚集和运作,英国也成为当时欧洲金融的中心。这些因素触发了英国将在世界舞台上演绎主角的欲望。 此前,欧洲各国举办工业博览会已不是新鲜事,特别是英国、法国在工业革命的推动下,都举办了多届有影响的工业深夜福利在线播放博览会,以此来推广本国的工业生产技术和宣传新深夜福利在线播放。频频举办工业博览会使英国萌发了举办一次世界各国参与的博览会。 成立于1754年的英国皇家艺术协会历来承担国家展览会的组织工作,担任皇家艺术协会主席的阿尔伯特亲王具有一种与传统理念所不同的开明思想和创新精神。1849年,艺术协会开始酝酿筹划规模更大的博览会时,阿尔伯特提出“博览会必须是国际性的、展品要有外国深夜福利在线播放参加”的设想,要求能在伦敦海德公园中找到最好的展览场地,以举办一届规模宏大的世界博览会。 “天时、地利、人和”催发了第一届世博会在英国诞生。 确立规则,女王广邀宾客 1849年6月30日,一次历史性的会议在白金汉宫召开,参加者有皇家艺术协会成员、全国博览会组委会成员、建筑公司成员和阿尔伯特亲王。会议作出了7项重要决定:1、世博会展品分为四个大类:原材料、机械、工业制品和雕塑作品;2、将建一幢特别临时建筑作为世博会展厅;3、举办场地选在海德公园南侧;4、博览会将是国际性的,由国家发出参展邀请;5、组委会将提供大量奖金以鼓励参展者;6、将成立一个皇家委员会来主办世博会;7、世博会财政集资由艺术家协会负责。 会议之后,组委会立即起草并提交给政府关于成立世博会皇家委员会的申请。组委会成员到英格兰、苏格兰和爱尔兰的65个城镇和法国等一些欧洲国家进行了游说,动员参展。 1849年10月17日,组委会举行了一次大规模的公共会议,向伦敦市最有影响力的商人和银行家描述了世博会的整个计划。艺术协会的项目融资也有了进展,25万英镑的保证金解决了财务问。很快,议会两院也以多数票同意在海德公园内举行博览会。 1850年1月3日,世博会皇家委员会成立。随后,维多利亚女王便以国家名义向世界各国发出世博会参展邀请。 31# 老顽童thtsjy 一个方案拯救了首届世博会 世博会的筹备工作开局颇为顺利,但是困难却是接踵而来。一是时间紧,距世博会开幕仅有一年半,具体工作尚未启动;二是集资困难,运作资金尚有很大缺口;三是社会上有大量意见反对使用海德公园举办世博会,因为建造展馆将会破坏树林和环境。但最大的麻烦是世博会展馆的设计与建造问。 1849年底成立的世博会建筑委员会立即向各国发出展馆设计的邀请。尽管方案征集仅有三个星期,但委员会仍收到245个方案,却没有一个获胜者。因为所有方案都是古典、永久性的建筑形式。这不仅使阿尔伯特等陷入困境,甚至有导致世博会流产的危险。 正在皇家委员会一筹莫展时,一个不经意的方案不仅成功地挽救了世博会,更是成为人类历史上的里程碑作品,甚至建筑物作品的本身成为了第一届世博会最成功的展品。这便是园艺工约瑟夫·帕克斯顿和他的创作“水晶宫”。 意外发现睡莲化作“水晶宫” 1837年,一位英国探险家在圭亚那发现美丽的王莲,便采集种子带回英国交给查丝华斯庄园首席园艺师约瑟夫·帕克斯顿(Joseph Paxton)种植。三个月后,王莲长出11片巨大的叶子和开出美丽的花朵。帕克斯顿将花以维多利亚命名王莲Victoria amazonica Sowerby(Royal Water Lily,Amazon Water-platter),并作为礼物送给了维多利亚女王。自此他与阿尔伯特亲王相识并成为挚友。 王莲越长越大。有一天他把7岁的小女儿抱在其中一片叶子上观赏花朵,水上飘逸的绿叶居然轻而易举地承担起她的体重。帕克斯顿翻开叶子观察其背面,只见粗壮的径脉纵横呈环形交错,构成既美观又可以负担巨大的承重力的整体。这个发现顿时给了他灵感,一种新的建筑理念在脑中形成。不久他在为王莲建造查丝华斯温室时,用铁栏和木制拱胁为结构、玻璃为墙面,首创了新颖的温室。该建筑除了简洁明快的功能外,建筑构件可以预先制造,不同构件可以根据建筑大小需要组合装配,这样的建筑成本低廉,施工快捷。 帕克斯顿听说了在海德公园建造展览场馆之事,立即毛遂自荐愿意提供他的建筑方案。 帕克斯顿的设计方案在众人的关注下最终被敲定,记者Douglas Jerrold在报上将它称之为“水晶宫”,这个名称一直流传至今。1850年9月26日,水晶宫奠基。6个月不到就竣工了。 整幢建筑是现代化大规模工业生产技术的结晶。 38# 老顽童thtsjy 博览盛会,创造历史 水晶宫建造的同时,组委会挑选和收集各类展品的工作进展加快。博览会共有18000个参加商,提供了10万多件展品。 组委会另设特别评选委员会对展品评选,评出5084奖项,其中外国人获得3045项。 1851年5月1日早上9时,水晶宫开门接纳来参加开幕式的客人。50多万人聚集在海德公园四周。11时30分,9驾皇家马车列队离开了白金汉宫前往海德公园参加世博会开幕大典,12时的钟声敲响,在“哈利路亚”乐曲声中,王室和他们的随行人员进入展览宫。 水晶宫内挂满万国彩旗,参观人流摩肩接踵,各种工艺品、艺术雕塑琳琅满目、目不暇接。人们惊奇地观看来自不同国家的发明、珍奇和不同深夜福利在线播放。 参观者最感兴趣的是不同的机器发明。人们目瞪口呆地看着开槽机,钻孔机,拉线机,纺纱机,造币机,抽水机等各种机器工作,让人领悟到工业革命给世界带来的变化。 当然,最受赞誉的还是水晶宫,这座原本是为世博会展品提供展示的场馆却成了第一届世博会中最成功的作品和展品。水晶宫成为世博会的志。水晶宫成就了世博会的举办,世博会的成功又为世界上第一次聚集众多国家,为了一个和平的目的交流不同文化、科技成果开创了先例。 1851年共有6039195人次参观了首届世博会。 同年10月14日伦敦世博会举行了闭幕式,世博会圆满结束,并获得了186437英镑的利润。 世博会结束后水晶宫移至伦敦南部的西得汉姆,并以更大的规模重新建造,1854年6月10日由维多利亚女王主持向公众开放。它作为伦敦的娱乐中心存在了82年。1936年11月30日晚上6点,中央大厅员工厕所突然着火,大火烧遍了整幢建筑。水晶宫的焚毁宣告了辉煌的维多利亚时代结束。 43# 老顽童thtsjy 1853年美国纽约世博会 1853年的世博会在美国纽约举办,主办者效仿英国也用钢铁和玻璃建造了一个大型展馆,同样称之为“水晶宫”,但规模却小得多,仅及英国的三分之一。 45# 老顽童thtsjy 46# 老顽童thtsjy 胜家缝纫机公司(Singer)是美国第一家成功的跨国公司,其主打深夜福利在线播放——缝纫机被誉为继农用锄具发明之后的又一伟大发明,并被称为“世界上最著名的机械”。1853年纽约世博会上展出的胜家缝纫机已具备以后一百多年间的家用缝纫机的基本功能。 47# 老顽童thtsjy 48# 老顽童thtsjy 1852年,奥的斯发明了动力上升梯子的安全装置,并在1853年纽约世博会上演示其发明。现代电梯仍使用奥的斯当年的发明创造。 52# 老顽童thtsjy 1865年爱尔兰都柏林世博会 1865年爱尔兰都柏林世博会上,一种起源于古罗马、风行于16世纪欧洲宫廷、而为爱尔兰妇女所钟爱的蕾丝作品,以其华美典丽而令人炫目,并由此推广成为平民女子的美丽服饰。 54# 老顽童thtsjy 1867年巴黎世博会 1867年在法国巴黎举办的世博会,已经具备了现代世博会的雏形。主展馆为490X380米的巨大橄圆形建筑,中心为公园,四周为展厅,16条通道分割展区,给各参展国设计自己独立的展馆。 57# 老顽童thtsjy 蓝色的多瑙河——记1873年维也纳世博会 世博会的举办与规划 十九世纪中后期,通过举办世博会来提高国家地位,已被许多国家认同和追逐。1870年,奥地利政府为将首都维也纳推进到世界先进城市行列,同时也为清除1866年普奥战争失败后的笼罩在城市上空的阴霾,向世界宣布:举办1873年维也纳世界博览会,主为纪念约瑟夫一世执政25周年。 世博会举办地选择在风光秀丽的多瑙河边,这条河随着几年前施特劳斯著名的圆舞曲《蓝色的多瑙河》而名声鹊起。维也纳中央公园被选作博览会会场,面积达233公倾。维也纳市政当局想利用举办世博会的时机,对旧城区建筑大举实施改造,拆去城壁,打通市中心与郊外的联系,多瑙河也在整改范围之列,涉及水道绵延半英里,拓展河道工程产生的50万立方的砂砾被用于世博会会址之用。整个工程规划由建筑师凯利·哈森那根据意大利文艺复兴时期的风格设计。由于前几届世博会的启示,维也纳世博会的组织者已开始注重建筑的功能与美观结合,强调建筑的整体魅力。设计中的宏伟庞大的主建筑群——工业宫,面积达7万平方米,工业宫建筑结构合理,长907米,宽206米。中央与园顶大厅相连,两侧留有宽25米主廊,主廊与长145米、宽15米的侧廊相交。侧廊之间有多个宽45米,长75米庭院,所有建筑均建有屋顶,观众入口装饰处建造了凯旋门和不同历史风格的大门。工业宫建筑开创了世博会历史中建造大型联体展览建筑物的先列。 60# 老顽童thtsjy 世界第八大奇观——圆顶大厅罗托纳达 维也纳世博会上建筑亮点是由斯各特·罗素设计的工业宫中央圆顶大厅罗托纳达。罗素曾担任1851年伦敦世博会参展委员会的秘书。该大厅设计显然受到了1851年世博会“官方”建筑计划书的启发,风格极其相同。 罗托纳达圆形大厅,顶高83米,直径约110米,成为当时世界上最大的圆顶大厅建筑,比罗马的圣·皮耶尔大教堂的48米圆顶和伦敦的圣保罗大教堂37米圆顶确实大了许多。圆形大厅的结构也是用金属制作,建设周期仅18个月,时间之短在当时令人难以置信。建筑被称之为世界第八大奇观。圆形大厅其锥形屋顶由32根粗大的柱子支撑,圆顶之上有一个直径为28米的穹隆塔顶,再上面是一个直径为7米的小型穹隆灯塔,最高处是一个奥地利皇冠的巨大复制品,由皇冠珠宝的仿制品装饰。 这个巨大的园顶建筑物引起了轰动效应,也倾倒了观众。世博会期间共有206270位参观者踏着台阶登到圆顶皇冠处,饱览维也纳城市的迷人景色并为壮观的建筑而荣耀。 整个博览会除工业宫建筑群外,还有机械厅、美术馆、园艺馆等新建190多幢建筑,整个世博会把现实和艺术,现代和古老,东方和西方不同建筑元素和谐地融为一体。 64# 老顽童thtsjy 布展独特展品丰富 建筑群内的中央广场呈东西走向,圆形大厅中央安放着土耳其苏丹二赠送的美丽装饰喷泉。四周由回廊环绕,陈列各国展品。维也纳世博会组织者,为了使展品分类越加合理,将展品分成26种,分类数增加到162个,其目的是“将创造发明、工业化生产与人类教育、生活品味和生活质量的发展相适应”。 16个展示厅内布局根据国家位置而设计展示体系,每个国家的展品都靠着其地理上的邻国,所以只要观赏了不同国家的展品,就可以获知基本的世界地理知识。 奥地利展品中给人印象比较深的是一副刻画政治家在普法战争中形象的象牙棋子和一颗重达8吨、长50英尺放置在水银池中的巨型炮弹,使人想起1866年那场不幸的那场战争。 埃及展示了世界注目的苏伊士运河工程模型。埃及政府把设计展区的任务委托给了一批德国的著名埃及史研究专家。他们在设计中将四年前刚开始动工的工程建筑与埃及风光、风情巧妙结合,把埃及的地理、历史和社会进程关系完美的展示给观众。 瑞典提供了一个模范学校的教育展示,从教室的课桌设计到学生教材丛书和办学规划,让观众了解公共教育的重要性。 维也纳世博会主办者强调发明和设计理念:科学和艺术,工业和手艺、过去和将来之间,需在美感和实用性的大前提下具有审美价值,构建完美的和谐关系。文化艺术类展品则显示了主办国-维也纳城市特有的强项。 世博会中,奥地利为维也纳城市设计了专展览,展览以丰富多样的形式,详细阐述了建成于罗马时代的维也纳城市中城堡、宫殿、街道、广场和著名建筑物的历史故事。该展览最令人激动的是节日欢庆和比赛活动部分,每天的露天音乐会,由约翰.施特劳斯指挥管弦乐队演奏不同圆舞曲和圣歌,当然最受欢迎的便是“蓝色的多瑙河”,因为只有在音乐之都-维也纳,在美丽的多瑙河边,在世博会特有欢乐的氛围中聆听施特劳斯亲自演绎的“蓝色的多瑙河”,才能真正体验和感受到艺术家的真情和艺术作品的魅力所在。 维也纳世博会中有两个艺术展馆展示来自世界各地的艺术珍品。法国、俄罗斯提供了众多的名家绘画作品。维也纳画家汉斯麦卡特画成的那幅长17米宽4米的巨作,尤其受人瞩目。 古典艺术品中有希腊、意大利送来的大理石雕像,其中有帕台农圣庙的复制品和米洛的维纳斯雕像,据说当时维纳斯的双手还在。 维也纳世博会于1873年5月1日开幕,11月2日闭幕,共有35个国家、4万多参展商应邀参加,仅有725万人次参观了世博会。最后财务的统计表明,世博会的总投资956万美元,但收益仅是其开支的六分之一,被认为是19世纪重大的财政失败例子之一。 维也纳世博会结束后,工业宫部分建筑群成为了维也纳玉米交易所,机器厅等被专门划出用于北方铁路货物和谷物储存中心。但是工业宫建筑和著名的圆顶建筑也同许多历史上世博会建筑一样,遭遇了悲惨的命运,它被1937年的一场大火摧毁。 66# 老顽童thtsjy 1876年费城世博会 1876年的美国费城世博会是一次重要的博览会,这是一届为庆祝美国建国百年而举办的世博会。费城的费尔蒙特公园,是世界上最大的城市公园,也是1876年世博会会址。 68# 老顽童thtsjy 自由女神像是法国赠送给美国的礼物。为参加费城世博会庆典,就将已完成了的自由女神像手臂和火炬先送去。直到1886年,自由女神像才在美国纽约安装完毕。 70# 老顽童thtsjy 爱迪生是19世纪最伟大的发明家,他的许多发明都曾在早期世博会上展出。 73# 老顽童thtsjy 就在这一年,贝尔博士发明了世界第一部电话,立即送到了博览会上展出,也是在这一年,中国第一条铁路在吴淞至上海开通。 75# 老顽童thtsjy 1878年法国巴黎世博会 爱迪生发明的话筒、留声机等在本届世博会上展出。 78# 老顽童thtsjy 永远的埃菲尔铁塔——1889年巴黎世博会的产物 铁塔的由来 1884年11月8日,法国下院议会做出决定:1889年5月3日至11月6日,法国巴黎将举办第三届世博会。主:庆祝法国大革命胜利100周年。 1886年5月,世博会组委会组织博览会的规划设计招。中者中有设计师古斯塔夫·埃菲尔。埃菲尔建议世博会场地放在巴黎火星广场和托罗卡德罗地区,展览面积100公顷。他在规划中创意建造一座300米高的志性建筑塔。 世博会的组织者们更是兴奋地建议:百年盛会中建造的志性高塔建筑,必须征集到大师们的作品,因为只有大师蕴涵的艺术天赋作品才能完美体现法国崇尚文化,独具和无可争议的优势。 招的结果是收到了1000份极富创意的方案,其中花样百出。如,设计一座巨大的断头台以象征帝国的死亡。设计一座350米的金字塔,塔上雕刻有英雄雕像和浮雕以描述大革命的主要事件等等。 但是,最“异想天开”的设计,还是来自年轻的设计师,古斯塔夫.埃菲尔的金属拱门塔方案。埃菲尔创意:“建造一座新颖的金属凯旋拱门来为现代科学和法国工业增光。这座拱门会给人独特的印象,也会超过历史上各种凯旋门形式。” 组委会委员、市政当局经比较和讨论,最终埃菲尔的铁塔门方案获得批准,当时新闻界大多数人也都对此方案表示欢迎。不过,所有人并没有料到,他们通过的这个方案成就了世博会历史上最激动人心的作品,也使1889年的世博会成为了经典。 80# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔设计和建造 古斯塔夫-埃菲尔,1832年生于第戎,中学毕业后,他到巴黎中央大学求学。他在设计建造波尔多的杜罗河桥时,由于解决了桥梁支柱的稳定性的难而初露峰芒。很快,他又参与设计在美国纽约“自由女神”像,因内部复杂的结构而名杨四海。通过一个个大胆创新的建筑项目中,年轻的埃菲尔的才能很快得到了充分展示。 埃菲尔在方案通过后,在40个助手帮助下,绘制了5300幅工程图,涉及到建筑18038个部位。 1886年11月5日,法国贸易部长批准了埃菲尔团队提交的最后方案。并提供其预算2750万法郎中五分之一的资金。埃菲尔抵押了他的公司并设法筹足剩余五分之四的资金。 1887年1月铁塔正式开工,整个工地成了一个巨大的钢铁加工厂,每段钢材都在工厂里依照严密的计算,根据图纸精确制造,然后又严格检验、编号、并按图纸进行组装。高塔建造时现场并没有什么辅助脚架,全靠精密的计算和严密的管理,一根根沉重的钢材凭借手动液压装置精确顶到位置,再由人工用一个个烧红的铆钉,挥舞着铁锥一锤一锤加以铆接固定。铁塔用去15000根钢铁材料,二百五十万个铆钉,整座塔楼在水泥混凝土加固的底座上矗立。工程在28个月工期里,始终体现着严格而科学的秩序。 82# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔引发的争议 埃菲尔自设计铁塔开始,面对的不仅是创新的技术难,还有因铁塔而引发的一场社会争议。因为,他的“通天塔”不仅激发了人们浓厚的好奇心,也产生了巨大的困惑。巴黎杰出的哥特建筑学派专家认为从数学角度考虑建造铁塔是不可能的。而最大的反对意见来自于巴黎的文学艺术家们。以著名作家盖.德.莫泊桑为首的47位著名人士发起了一项反对铁塔名活动,名的备忘录提交给巴黎政府并在报纸上公开发表。 反对和争议没有阻止建筑的进程,埃菲尔面对各种压力,始终沉着冷静,他认为铁塔一定会成功,他坚信建造铁塔将是完成一座人类理想的丰碑。 铁塔在塞纳河边渐渐升高,反对的意见逐步减少。人们开始冷静地看待铁塔,并对它的整体进行评估:大胆独创的铁塔,新颖别致的造型,直冲天穹的力量,张扬中却又充溢着浪漫的轻盈。这一切不又体现了法兰西民族独有的创造和创新的精神吗? 84# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔建造成功 1889年3月31日星期日,铁塔主建筑完工,埃菲尔与一些世博会高官一起登上了塔顶,并发射了21发礼炮以示庆祝。埃菲尔升起法国三色国旗并骄傲的宣告“现在,世界上只有法国国旗能飘扬在300米的高空”。 艾菲尔铁塔,这个曾被嘲笑为“悲剧式的蜡烛台”,“可怕的钢材堆”“巨大的工业烟囱”为法国1889年巴黎世博会带来激情和滚滚财源。 艾菲尔与巴黎政府的铁塔合约在1889年5月起开始回报,根据合同条款,20年中,铁塔收益归艾菲尔所有,铁塔就象一个金矿,这个金矿给艾菲尔带来了极大的效益。 当20年后,铁塔移交给巴黎市,艾菲尔和巴黎市政府并没有料到,铁塔的收益会不断延续,在一个世纪后,铁塔仍然游人如织。 86# 老顽童thtsjy 世博会时的铁塔 1889年5月6日,随着埃菲尔铁塔上一声炮响,世博会正式开放,会期每天早晨铁塔上的炮声和晚上铁塔的灯光不仅成为世博会的景观,更是成为巴黎都市浪漫生活的组成。由于采用了电灯照明技术,这也成为第一次晚上也开放的世博会。 1889年世博会期间,登塔成为参观的主要目的和时髦,共有2百万人在会期参观了铁塔。 埃菲尔铁塔有三层:第一层为57.63米,设不同的餐厅;第二层115.73米,设不同的办公室,特别是费加罗报的办公室,负责为参观者办理登塔证书;第三层276.13米,是成人深夜福利视频区、气象台,实验室(物理,气象,生物)和艾菲尔的办公室,一般不对游人开放。 埃菲尔铁塔有一部电梯,每次可容纳100人,斜升到57米高一层,另外一部可载50人的垂直电梯,开到115米高。电梯每小时可供2400人用。参观人也可以通过1792级楼梯徒步登塔,到顶层鸟瞰巴黎全景。 1886年,本茨制成世界上第一辆三轮内燃机汽车。1889年,本茨亲自驾驶着汽车在展示,大受欢迎,也预示人类的汽车时代已经到来。 1889年11月6日,法国卡尔诺总统主持了的盛大的世博会闭幕仪式,世博会明星爱迪生用新近发明的留声机,以播放埃菲尔宣布闭幕的声音作为博览会闭幕节目。 88# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔的精神 1923年埃菲尔去世时,他的铁塔仍是世界上最高的建筑物,这一记录一直保持到1930年纽约克莱斯勒大厦建成,它比埃菲尔铁塔仅高出几米。 100多年来,埃菲尔铁塔历经风雨,屹立在塞纳河边,并成为巴黎城市的组成部分。百岁铁塔并没有因时间推移而失去代表时尚的美名,它那高耸、浪漫的丰韵成为了法国的志。它凝聚着崇尚创新的法兰西民族精神,它张扬着近代科学文明的威力,它彰显着巴黎城市无穷的文化魅力。 当然,人们也不会忘记伟大的世界博览会,正是这样的一个创造、创新的舞台造就不朽的埃菲尔先生和永远的埃菲尔铁塔。 90# 老顽童thtsjy 1893年美国芝加哥世博会 而今深夜在线福利视频日常生活中离不开的拉链是由美国工程师Whitcomb L Judson发明并在1893年芝加哥世博会上亮相。 ([]
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