张亭康 35484万字 86986人读过 连载
首先我想说,我去越南的时间是2011年的春节,不是夏天去的,所以很多东西会不一样。而且跟很多朋友的文章不同,深夜在线福利视频的越南之行是百分之百的穷游,所以住的很低准,每人每天按6美元的准住的。全程几乎没去什么饭馆吃饭,基本吃的都是街边摊。而且是我一个女孩子带着老妈出游,我妈从第一天开始就病了,到最后发展成了严重的肺炎,所以,带着一个更年期生病妇女,承受的无休无止的唠叨你懂的....所以与很多人相比,我的观点并不具有可信性。您就看着当笑话一笑而过就可以了。许多东西,每个人的感觉是不一样的。虽然我这篇文章写得很苦逼,但是我心里还是爱着越南的。机票:我刚开始没有确定自己的行程,所以先在去哪网上订了广州到河内的机票,全部加起来是860,回来的机票是在越南通过旅行社订的,太坑爹了竟然花了1600!!!现在在去哪上面找往返机票,加上税也就1200,所以还是早点确定行程比较好,因为是往返,个人觉得河内往返不值得,不如订胡志明往返,因为河内根本不值得去!汇率:去的时候人民币换越南盾大概是13150.美元换越南盾是121000,很多地方有得换,但是千万别在机场换,低死了...而且一定要万万注意汇率损失的问,别换太多越盾了,深夜在线福利视频就是换了太多,换回来的时候汇率很不值得,结果损失很多.电话据说如果是漫游的话,发短信是2块钱一条,打电话9块钱一分钟,还是买个当地卡值得,我买的是vietell的卡,65.000盾,差不多人民币22块钱,还是很便宜的,而且这个卡买了还可以打十几分钟的国际长途,本地打电话发短信也都可以.而且过去无聊,满街都是中国人,要了他们电话也可以互相联系认识朋友。交通:越南的摩托车多得吓死人了,但是其实他们技术都很好不会撞到你的,所以马路随便过也没什么问(个人经验)。从北到南大家一般都是坐open bus,越南有很多家做旅游的公司,很多攻略推崇 sinh tourist, TM brother's cafe,hanh cafe,等等...我觉得个个都不是什么好东西,全都很坑爹,所以随便坐一个就可以了,但是要找价钱最低的.sinh tourist跟其他相比的优点就是发车了就不会再停下四处兜客,而且还会发一瓶水一张湿纸巾给你,不过在我看来全是小恩小惠...sinh的网址如下,可以先在线订好全部行程https//www.thesinhtourist.vn/越南打的还可以,但是千万坐正规的那种,而且司机不一定懂英语哦语言:因为去的都是旅游城市,连街边摆地摊的人也懂说英语,但是个人认为还是要学点越南语的,问价钱要会,数字要会,机场什么的最好都学一点,虽然听起来超搞笑超像粗口的。不过,学会了也不是很好,因为你可以听懂老板跟当地人要的价钱比跟你要的低几倍。心里会超级不爽建议1.多人同行,一个人去虽然很小资,但是在住房子上面很不抵,2人间12美元,1人间也要10美元了,建议四人同行,因为有的旅馆的床大得要死,4个人睡双人间也没问,不过这就要看老板是算人头价还是房间价了.2.据说胡志明市很多飞车党抢包,路上遇到的已经听说了至少有2个人被抢过手机或者单反,在越南拿单反的几乎百分百是中国人,所以千万要注意安全3.千万别新年去,年前年后几天都别去,越南人也过春节,满街店铺全体关门了,旅游公司的车也少,而且所有东西的价格都上浮总之各种 杯具。4.越南人虽然还算是比较热情友好的,但是做事非常非常没有效率没有信用,所以别相信他们,尤其是会赚到你的钱的人,全都爱骗人!5.越南司机开车你最好别坐第一排看着他开,否则你肯定吐血,美奈到西贡就215公里,他开了6小时,中途还停下来吃饭,路上一个车也没有他也开40km/h,最快也不超过60.而且超爱接电话鸣喇叭,电话铃又恶心喇叭声超大,其实那些夜车,根本用不了8小时时间的,给中国人开4小时不到就可以到,可是他们就是没效率,做事不负责任慢吞吞。day1:广州-河内到了河内机场后,出来就有机场巴士可以坐,$2一人,当你看到车上的鬼佬鬼妹纷纷下车的时候你也下车好了,下车就是在河内老城区,还剑湖周围。LP上面会有推荐的旅馆,我们当时没有订,路上一路走一路问,最后住在discovery hotel,17美元双人间,老板英语在越南人里面算是非常非常非常好的,沟通不成问的,但是人品不怎么好,骗深夜在线福利视频说快过年了金店全都关门了,结果深夜在线福利视频在他那里换美元,才给深夜在线福利视频120000的汇率,让深夜在线福利视频汇率损失了很多。谈钱伤感情啊!其他方面他就做得还是挺好的。在河内晃了一圈,唯一印象深刻的就是一家叫xoi yen的糯米饭,真的超好吃的说!地址在ma may 和hang bac两条路的交界地方,很好认的! 其他的,我觉得河内都很无聊,而且物价巨高,吃个快餐也要十几,跟深圳都差不多贵了,吃个粽子竟然要10块!传说中的还剑湖小得要死,也没什么好看,大教堂还是不错,但是还是不值得看,就一个巨大的牌坊,无聊得很。 而且越南做生意的人全国都很不地道,狂宰外国人,东西那么贵,才不要买!discovery hotel地址:Luong Ngoc Quyen St., Hoan Kiem Dist. 河内满街都是假的sinh cafe,discovery就在真的新咖啡所在的那条街上的一间叫cafe de paris周围不远的地方,那片区域初到的时候觉得像迷宫一样,一走就迷路。其实走一天以上你就明白就屁大点地方,街也就那几条,卖的东西也都差不多。刚开始你会觉得米粉还算是可以吃的东西,虽然做法很怪异,从一大团粉里面抓一把泡在汤里就给你了,另外给你一大筐草放在你面前,能认得出的有薄荷叶和生菜还有豆芽,其他都认不出,而且味道很冲,有一种我真的无论如何也习惯不了,估计你们也不怎么可能习惯。如下图day2:这个就是xoi yen店里的糯米饭,大概是人民币13块钱一碗,好吃得要死。 升龙剧院的水上木偶戏。不看后悔,看了也就那回事。这个我真不知道是什么,街边卖的东西还剑湖周围看到的,法棍都用筐装。这个跟肠粉差不多,还挺好吃的,就是特别贵,30.000一份这就是那个卖天价肠粉宰深夜在线福利视频的阿姨.继续逛河内一整天,去了教堂等地方。其实越南人没有想象中的穷,相反,还很有钱,街上虽然摩托车很多,但是奔驰宝马也不在少数,而且河内那种坑爹的物价,如果收入真的那么低的话绝对活不起。晚上坑爹的sinh tourist没有sleeping bus只有 sitting bus,所以深夜在线福利视频很悲惨地坐了一晚硬座去顺化,各种辛苦,而且司机超爱午夜时分停车吵醒所有人吃夜宵,超爱鸣喇叭,超爱随便乱停车,根本没得睡。day3:到达顺化,其实顺化很小,只游览一个上午就够了,而且也确实没什么好看的,就一个很无聊的顺化皇城,戏称北京故宫的厕所。但是顺化有supermarket啊!!!进去一看,两根法棍都超过半米长,加在一起才5500vnd!!!也就是说不到人民币一块钱一根!!!因为是新年,简直就是菊花残满腚伤....越南人新年好像是认为黄色的花比较吉利,所以顺化满街都是菊花,皇城周围更是 堪称菊花的海洋!!!逛完顺化皇城,深夜在线福利视频想在顺化多逛逛,所以就成就了深夜在线福利视频越南之行的唯一一次超级深度游.半迷路的状态下走了4小时才回到新咖啡的据点. 顺化感觉很像中国的三线城市,很有生活的味道,但是因为过年,全城的店都关了,有点小扫兴. 同时看到了更多生活中的越南人,他们真的很善良.虽然他们大多不会说英语,而我的越南语仅限于"拜托了"和"谢谢你"的程度,他们都会很仔细地给深夜在线福利视频指路(虽然只能看懂个方向,一句也听不懂)中午 回到新咖啡等车下午去会安,在周围发现一家无比便宜的果汁店,虽然已经是对深夜在线福利视频外国人涨价了,变成了10.000一杯,也就是人民币3块3.除了酸奶和咖啡以及一些水果名字之外什么也看不懂.....([]
最新章节: 第521章 非你莫属海绵宝宝 ( 2025-06-02 11:33:20)
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15天穷游昆明,大理,双廊,丽江,束河,香格里拉(杭州出发)----昆明 一直有着穷游云南的想法,可总是自己找自己的借口,没时间。我要为自己挤点时间出来,实现穷游云南的愿望。 预算为2000大洋,装备:背包65L,帐篷,睡袋,防潮垫,照相机,个人洗漱用品。 2011年9月9日 星期五 此次旅游,决定时间只有15分钟,决定之后直接公交奔向杭州火车南站。本想买张杭州直达昆明的火车票,但事与愿违,硬座已经没票只有硬铺。但之前已经决定此次旅游为穷游,所以决不能开头就坏了此行目的。于是买了一张杭州南到贵阳的火车票(硬座),K111次(9/91816 – 9/10 1824),24个小时,208元。 上了火车之后,对面坐着的两个人都是贵州人,聊了很多关于贵州的旅游景点,但此次目的地是云南,所以我也没记牢太多,等我下次专程穷游贵州时,再去补功课啦。聊到晚上12点,开始觉得有点困了,于是拿出睡袋,身子往里一钻,趴在桌上就开始睡了。你还别说,睡了一觉之后精神就好多了。在这里提醒大家,9月的夜晚,火车上也会有一些冷的,所以带个睡袋非常有必要,既可以保暖又可以防止着凉感冒。 2011年9月10日 星期六坐了1天的火车,终于缓缓驶入了贵阳火车站。 杭州南到贵阳的火车,经常会晚点的。我到贵阳时,火车晚点了近2个小时,原来预定是1824到的,实际2010到的。下了火车,就先去买了张贵阳到昆明的火车票(硬座),K155次(9/102241 – 9/11 0808),9.5个小时,87元。 贵阳到昆明的火车很多,我想在贵阳火车站旁边逛一逛,顺便吃顿饱餐(杭州南到贵阳的火车快餐,有点贵20元,而且还吃不饱),所以就买了张2个小时后的火车票。据说贵阳的牛肉米线非常好吃,我也就来了一份牛肉米线,味道的确不错,可能是我饿坏了吧。吃饱后,继续赶路,直奔昆明!另外,我把这次的旅游地的连接汇总了一下。15天穷游昆明,大理,双廊,丽江,束河,香格里拉(杭州出发)----昆明(1)https//bbs.8264.com/forum-viewthread-tid-977286-fromuid-34887632.html15天穷游昆明,大理,双廊,丽江,束河,香格里拉(杭州出发)----大理(2)https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-977286-pid-14980283-fromuid-34887632.html15天穷游昆明,大理,双廊,丽江,束河,香格里拉(杭州出发)----双廊(3) (本次旅游最喜欢的地方)https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-977286-pid-14991655-fromuid-34887632.html15天穷游昆明,大理,双廊,丽江,束河,香格里拉(杭州出发)----丽江(4)https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-977286-pid-15040479-fromuid-34887632.html15天穷游昆明,大理,双廊,丽江,束河,香格里拉(杭州出发)----束河(5)https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-977286-pid-15062789-fromuid-34887632.html15天穷游昆明,大理,双廊,丽江,束河,香格里拉(杭州出发)----香格里拉(6)https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-977286-pid-15081216-fromuid-34887632.html15天穷游昆明,大理,双廊,丽江,束河,香格里拉(杭州出发)----回杭州(7)https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-977286-pid-15104252-fromuid-34887632.html15天穷游昆明,大理,双廊,丽江,束河,香格里拉(杭州出发)----费用明细(完)https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-977286-pid-15116479-fromuid-34887632.html最后请大家多多支持,多给我留言和加分哟!!! 2011年9月11日 星期日 今天可是9/11事件的十周年记念日,不知美国会不会搞一些记念活动,这个我就不管了,也管不了。不过,坐在去昆明的火车上,还是有一点齐人忧天的,担心火车会不会遇恐怖袭击?7/23不是刚刚出了温州动车追尾事故嘛(当然与恐怖袭击是两码事)。哈哈,本人还是有点胆小的啦。 经过一晚上的熬夜(中间也睡了一觉的),火车最终还是顺便准点的到达了昆明站。 昆明是春城,所以花草绝对茂盛,牛必须长的强壮。来一张昆明火车站的金牛图,可惜今年的股市却一直是熊市,但我穷游途中,绝不看任何股市行情,只管玩! 昆明的过桥米线非常有名,但却不是我的喜好(因为它的配菜太多,而且都是冷的,我喜欢吃热乎乎的)。所以早餐就在昆明火车站旁边要了份牛肉米线+小笼包。 另外,昆明火车站旁边,到外是烤臭豆腐,烤玉米的小摊生意。你还别说,那个烤玉米,烤的很硬,吃的却很香,他们叫价3元,但你还价2元也能搞定的,因为他们卖给本地人都是2元的。有人说这种烤臭豆腐味道不错,我买了3元10个,但有点吃不习惯。平常虽然也很喜欢吃臭豆腐的,特别是臭豆腐炒毛豆。玉米很香,很硬。煮的玉米也品尝了,白色的玉米比黄色的要好吃! 吃饱之后,就有能量了!直奔昆明大脚氏国际青年旅社。昆明火车站到昆明大脚氏国际青年旅社,有公交64路可直达,1元,到云南日报社站下车,下车后问一下附近的居民,大脚氏怎么走就行。从云南日报社站到大脚氏走路大约10分钟不到。 大脚氏的正大门,全是三角梅,很漂亮。大脚氏的床位,很干净,8人间35元/床,有会员卡的话30元/床。非常喜欢原木的颜色,这是我住过的青旅中,最喜欢的床了。当然也有准间,我是穷游,所以要了张35元的床位(没办会员卡,办会员卡要50元,有效期1年),晚上睡得照样非常舒服(哈哈,已经有2天没这么舒服了),而且还可以跟室友交流旅游心得。住在青旅的人,基本上都是出来旅游的,老外也非常多。房间门口就是可供休息的沙发,深夜在线福利视频经常做在这里聊天,发呆。 由于今天刚到昆明,前2天在火车也有些累,就没有出远门,只在大脚氏和周边逛了逛。大脚氏里就有不少有趣的项目,其中最有趣的就数与驴友交流旅游心得啦。这是我在大脚氏碰到的一位驴友,深夜在线福利视频大家都称他为严哥,告诉深夜在线福利视频不少旅游心得,而且严哥人非常幽默风趣!他准备搭车徒步去西藏拉萨。今天收到消息说他已经到了香格里拉!左边那位是严哥,照片是一圈后重回大脚氏时拍的。免费的台球桌。免费的乒乓球桌。 一楼台球桌旁边的休息桌,可以坐在这里看别人打球,打累了也可以做在这里休息。一楼休息的地方,美女正在研究旅游攻略呢。而且老外经常坐在这里阳光浴,中国人怕紫外线,比较少。驴友的衣服都晒在走廊的栏杆上,其中也有我的。昆明的阳光和紫外线特别强,1,2小就干了。 大脚氏的酒吧,多么悠闲浪漫的环境啊,我可以坐上整个下午发呆!也可以在这里学习中文,这里的老外很喜欢跟中国人说话。也可以独自一个上Wifi,发呆。 大脚氏的夜景。大脚氏的酒吧,晚上是对外营业的,所以到了晚上,敞开着大门。到了晚上,大脚氏里面还会有很多人聊天,打桌球。不过,到了10点还是12点,具体记不得了,就不能再吵闹了。只有一楼的酒吧,是通宵营业的,如果你无聊,可以一直喝酒或发呆到天亮。 2011年9月12日 星期一 睡了个好觉,养足精神后该出远门一趟了。首先去的是云南民族村啦。从大脚氏到民族村,有公交11路直达的。从大脚氏走到11路公交站,可能需要10几分钟,怎么走问一下当地人吧。 到了民族村后,公交站也变得很有特色,站顶是用稻草铺盖着的。 云南民族村: 我也留个记念: 云南民族村的商业街,跟杭州的河坊街类似,都是一些古建筑,但都是现在新建的。 抱歉,忘记问当地人叫什么塔了。同样也有很多卖特色小吃的小摊。忍不住我也买了一串,4元。味道还是不错的。 云南民族村的导游,个个都穿着民族服装。 进入民族村要门票70元,有点贵,我就不进去了。打算从民族村走路前往滇池(大概也就10多分钟的路程),离开之前,再来一个记念照。 来到滇池,居然还要门票10元。看在它不是太贵的份上就买了(也是此次云南之行的唯一一张门票,后面其它地方的门票都是100元左右的,太贵了,都没买)。滇池没有想象中那么美丽,池里都长满了绿藻,除了一眼望去是绿色外,还是绿色。后来要去的人,我都劝他们不要去。但也有几个去了,回来之后就后悔了。 我既然已经来了,也走累了,就搭了个帐篷休息起来了,在帐篷里睡觉还是相当爽的。 昆明的天也是的,刚才是晴天,过一会儿可能就会下雨,所以出门时必须随身带一把雨。你看,刚才还人来人往的,一阵雨把大家给吓跑了,幸好我的狼头帐篷是防雨的。 玩了上面2个景点后,天色也不早了,直接从滇池做公交回到了昆明火车站(大脚氏出门前,已经把床位给退了),买了昆明到大理的硬卧,K9626次(9/12 2342 - 9/13 0740),87元。晚上昆明到大理的火车有2趟,但都只有硬卧,没有硬座的。不过,87元的硬卧也为我省了一晚上的住宿费,也值了。由于2342的火车,很晚,火车站周边也被我逛遍了,就走到豪华的宾馆去免费享受一下,消磨一些时间啦。 顺便又来了一张自拍,比较爱自拍吧。 时间差不多了,就赶往去大理的火车。自此结束了昆明的旅程,接下来请看大理之行。 15天穷游昆明,大理,双廊,丽江,束河,香格里拉(杭州出发)----大理2011年9月13日 星期二 其实云南旅游,主要有2条线。一条是往西双版纳方向,一条是往香格里拉方向。往西双版纳方向的话,只有西双版纳可玩;往香格里拉方向的话,途中有大理,双廊,丽江,束河可玩,如果你还有时间的话,可以经过香格里拉前往西藏拉萨。所以权衡之后我选择了香格里拉方向,选择了前往大理。 我很喜欢大理,不仅因为金庸的武侠片,那里有着侠客的气息!而且我的老家也叫大里,只是“里”字少了一个王,但我又偏偏姓王,有把少掉的王给找回来的感觉。自从小时候知道有个大理国之后,就很想到大理去看一看。 大清早740,火车准点的到达了大理站,天才刚刚亮。虽然中国统一用北京时间,但因为大理在西南,实际上大理与北京的时差有1个小时左右,所以天亮的比较晚,黑的也比较晚。 这是大理火车站 下了火车之后,没有先吃早餐,而是直接赶往古城。大理火车站在新城,新城也叫下关。下关到古城可以做8路公交,1.5元,直达古城的。火车站出口旁边会有很多人喊你去坐出租车的,他们都会说顺路去古城的,只要15元,千万别相信,上了车你就惨了。从下关到古城坐出租车的话,大约得50大洋。 到了大理古城之后,该解决肚子问了。那天苍山门刚好碰到他们赶集,人来人往很多人,早餐小摊也有,于是就在早餐小摊那里要了碗米线(云南就是米线多啦),味道还是不错的。 辣椒这样子整堆的卖,还是第一次见到。不知道这位大叔是笑还是哭?莫非是传说中的哭笑不得?早餐的小摊这就是我在大理的第一顿早餐啦,味道还不错的 解决完肚子,准备先找个安身的地方。之前有驴友推荐住驼峰青旅,但驼峰已经没有了空床位。后来我选择了博爱路上的春夏秋冬青旅。8人间,25元/床。感觉还不错,环境很好,有无线wifi,网速很快,我没事儿就坐在大堂里面用HTC手机上网!而且一楼洗澡的地方,水很大,特别爽!2楼休息的地方,有一张大圆桌。小时候,深夜在线福利视频老家吃饭就用这种大圆桌的。 春夏秋冬的高低床,还挺干净的。站在2楼往下看院子。红色的花是昆明的市花,叫三角梅。在大理也经常能看到这种花。就像杭州的市花(桂花)一样,在浙江很多地方看得到。一楼的休息室,可以在这里上Wifi,喝咖啡,很休闲的地方。脚下是个用玻璃隔开的大鱼池,养着很多鲤鱼,很多人经常坐在这里聊天。这张照片是清晨时分,刚刚下了点小雨之后拍的。桌子左边的玻璃房,是春夏秋冬的酒吧,右边是个小水池,里面也养了很多鱼。春夏秋冬的环境我还是很满意的,是个闹中取静的地方。顺便在一楼的小花园里留了个影。 虽然驼峰青旅没有了空床位,但我还是特意去参观了一下驼峰,环境的确非常不错,值得推荐。驼峰的外景,小桥流水一直到驼峰客栈为止,再上去就是个驼峰瀑布啦,忘了为大家拍照片了。驼峰的内景,白天可以阳光浴(我想老外特别喜欢,而且在驼峰见到的老外也是最多的),晚上可以数星星,周围还有很多花花草草。室外有个露天酒吧客栈内的室内酒吧还有自己的乐队哟。 清晨的阳光扑洒在古城的石板街上,石板上泛着青色的光芒,背靠苍山的大理古城早晨7、8点钟有淡淡的雾气笼罩,古城里面的大多数店面都没有开门,只有个别早餐铺开门迎客,来一碗豆粉加上些饵块,或者吃碗米线都是不错的选择,惬意的一天由此开始!9月的大理古城,山上积雪融化顺着古城的小渠流到古城里,走在青石铺成的路面上听着涓涓的流水声,注视这相机的目镜,开始品味这座古城。大理的城门古城又称紫城,曾先后立国南诏和大理!到了这里你就会知道为什么段誉会说大理是边陲小城了,只需要几个小时就可以逛完!清晨,酒吧一条街上人很少,偶尔能见到的也是几个学生。那我却很喜欢小雨之后的大理,这样的感觉。天一点一点亮了,人也一点一点多了。 刚才是大街,现在是小巷。还有清澈的山泉水慈祥的白族老人 很有特色的T恤小店。厚厚的城墙时光飞逝,如今的古城已经是修缮之后的样子了,我走在古城的石板街上,看着古城墙上的斑驳陆离,让自己感觉回到当年繁华的都城一样,站在城门下,凉风吹来,或许是洱海和苍山的气息吧,呼吸着很舒服!南城与北城之间,还有文献楼和五华楼,文献楼是古时官府迎送宾客的地方,五华楼则相当于古时候的宾馆!大理的古城小巷处处是画卷,拎着相机不经意间的随拍便是一副画! 在大理居住的人群----白族为主,房屋的建造风格也都是白族风格,一般为“三房一照壁”、“四合五天井”。白族人的房屋由大理石和少量彩绘点缀,加上黑白水墨画的渲染,与白族女子一样,显得各位清新淡雅。 大理是需要时间去体会的,这座古城非常安静,你会习惯性的睡到自然醒,然后拉开窗帘看着阳光洒下,伸个懒腰开始惬意的一天,我喜欢大理的酒吧,没有喧闹的音乐,有的是淡淡的咖啡,浪漫的音乐,当然更重要的是有来自四方的背包客,我们要一杯大理啤酒或者咖啡或者当地人自己酿的梅子酒,开始聊大家的旅行故事!你看,白天也有人在这里聊天,发呆。也可以围在一起打牌。还有大理石
五台山位于山西省五台县境内,因五峰如五根擎天大柱,峰顶平坦如台,故名五台。又因山上气候多寒,盛夏仍不知炎暑,故又别称清凉山。五台山是文殊菩萨的道场,位居四大佛教名山之首。五台山由古老结晶岩组成,五峰耸立:东台望海峰、西台挂月峰、南台锦绣峰、北台叶斗峰、中台翠岩峰。五峰之外称台外,五峰之内称台内,台内以台怀镇为中心,其中北台最高。五台山是中国佛教建筑最早地方之一,目前台内外尚有寺庙47座。五台山还是当今中国唯一兼有汉地佛教和藏传佛教的佛教道场。北台叶斗峰,海拔3061米,为华北最高峰,有华北屋脊之称五台山由东西南北中五大高峰组成,据说代表着文殊菩萨的五种智慧:大圆镜智,妙观察智,平等性智,成所作智,法界体性智;以及五方佛:东方阿閦佛,西方阿弥陀佛,南方宝生佛,北方不空成就佛,中央毗卢遮那佛。 五台山,因其五座主峰峰顶平缓有如垒土之台而得名,这五座台顶上,分别供奉着文殊菩萨的五个法身,又称五方文殊。东台望海峰,海拔2795米,有寺名曰望海,主供聪明文殊,拜之可使人聪明。北台叶斗峰,海拔3061米,为华北最高峰,有华北屋脊之称,有寺名曰灵应,主供无垢文殊,拜之可心地纯净、一尘不染。中台翠岩峰,海拔2894米,台顶遍布龙翻石,有寺名曰演教,主供儒童文殊,他是西方宗教中国本土化的典型产物。西台挂月峰,海拔2773米,有寺名曰法雷,主供狮子文殊,拜之可使人勇敢。南台锦绣峰,海拔2485米,有寺名曰普济,主供智慧文殊,拜之可使人获得无穷智慧。 2014年8月1-3日,深夜在线福利视频一行55人,1日从帝都出发,2日到达鸿门岩开始徒步大朝台,3日晚上返回帝都。集体穿越是表现团队合作精神的好机会,每次穿越感受都不同,很清静、很纯净的心灵之旅。随着户外运动的蓬勃开展,到五台山徒步进行大朝台的人越来越多,这条线路也被冠以“中国徒步十大经典线路”之一。 东台名望海峰,海拔2795米,东台顶上“蒸云浴日,爽气澄秋,东望明霞,如陂似镜,即大海也,”故冠此名。由于海拔高,台顶气温低,盛夏时节,仍须穿冲锋衣。中国佛协前会长赵朴初填词赞曰:“东台顶,盛夏尚披裘。天著霞衣迎日出,峰腾云海作舟浮,朝气满神州。” 东台望海峰,海拔2795米。 虔诚的朝拜者 五台山(Mount Wutai)位于山西省忻州市五台县境内,位列中国佛教四大名山之首。五台山位于山西省东北部,隶属忻州市五台县,西南距省会太原市230公里,与浙江普陀山、安徽九华山、四川峨眉山、共称“中国佛教四大名山”。素有“金五台、银峨眉、铜普陀、铁九华”之说,同时五台山与尼泊尔蓝毗尼花园、印度鹿野苑、菩提伽耶、拘尸那迦并称为世界五大佛教圣地。 采药老汉 在中国每年都有许多虔诚的信徒,他们带上一生辛辛苦苦积攒起来的钱财,携家带口的不远万里,怀着虔诚的心愿,迈步、合十、举手、匍匐、五体投地、周而复始,用磕长头的行走方式,风雨无阻、马不停蹄缓慢地前行。 公元67年,汉明帝刘庄梦见了释迦牟尼,于是,白马西来,佛教正式传入中国。佛门弟子说:佛教传入中国的第二年,五台山就有了赦建大孚灵鹫寺,但历史学家又说,五台山有史可考的最早寺庙建于北魏年间。始建年代无论是东汉还是北魏,这都不影响五台山成为中国四大佛教名山之首,不影响佛教信徒们趋之若鹜的朝拜。([]
注: 因为这次冬季狼塔穿越活动关注度较高,这里把有关信息罗列出来,以便驴友们了解事件的全貌! 【2013.12.24】由树组织的第一期冬季狼塔穿越活动组队完毕,共有来自全国各地的15名的队员参加,活动领队:树,豆浆,清风。深夜在线福利视频将于2013年12月28日早晨从巴伦台乘坐越野车到达古仁格勒(古伦沟)桥,之后徒步进入狼塔,30日翻越此行最高的达坂:海拔3960m的蒙特开曾达坂,2014年1月1日新年第一天到达著名的狼塔温泉:阿日相,沐浴休整半天,祈福迎新。1月3日或者4日从呼图壁106煤矿出山。如果道路顺达,能租到合适的皮卡车把深夜在线福利视频从林场三工队接应出山,深夜在线福利视频将于1月3日出山,刚好赶上呼图壁狼塔户外大自在的新年年会,准备一起去凑个热闹,给大自在的年会助兴。谢谢关注此处活动的各位驴友!预祝深夜在线福利视频的冬季狼塔穿越活动圆满成功! 【2014.1.4】2014.1.3下午5点,由树组织的第一期冬季狼塔穿越队伍全体队员到达呼图壁106煤矿处,与接应车辆汇合,用时7天。在此前的的中午13点,已经开始有电信手机信号,领队豆浆已经将深夜在线福利视频顺利出山的消息通报给了外界。本次活动共有11名队员加树、豆浆、清风3位领队,本来还有老朋友天山土狼是要来当协作的,但他单位有急事脱不开身,只能零时退坑,这样最后队伍共14名成员。其中女队员5人,占三分之一强,也是树组织的狼塔队伍里女队员人数最多比例最高的一次。穿越队伍完全按照计划时间表和路线行进,前三天气温比较低,最低温度达到-25℃。翻越蒙特开曾达坂进入狼塔核心区域后,气温回升,最高温度接近-5℃。2014年1月1日,深夜在线福利视频到达阿日相,泡温泉休整了半天,享受了一段非常休闲的狼塔时光。1月3日下午5点顺利出山,与接应车辆汇合。顺利完成了第一期冬季狼塔穿越活动。谢谢所有朋友的关注。 遗憾的是,一次普通的冬季狼塔穿越活动,被某些不负责任的媒体和别有用心的人炒作成了一起公众事件。也引起了当地政府有关部门的注意,给这次冬季狼塔穿越带来额外的干扰和压力。出山后,看到各种五花八门、莫名其妙的报道让人眼花缭乱,各种头绪还在整理中。【2014.1.8】事件回顾:15名疆内外驴友冬闯呼图壁县狼塔 目前已失去联系 有人说过,世上人分两种,听劝和不听劝。有人能听进别人的劝告。有人自信满满,不肯听人劝,比如这名父母哭得天昏地暗都阻止不了的驴友,他硬是要在大冬天来穿越难度不小的狼塔C线。好说歹说,他们一行人算是打消了念头,可目前又和他们失去了联系,那一片可都是无人区,再失去了联系,这可多让人担心…… 据新疆91深夜福利网在线消息:(记者王磊 )15名疆内外驴友要在12月28日反穿呼图壁县狼塔C线的消息,日前经微博报道后,引起众多网友关心,有驴友家属甚至通过微博喊话,希望新疆当地警方能够劝阻。 26日,其中一名驴友的姐姐“玲玲大人”跟帖称,弟弟27日的飞机从上海飞新疆,父母哭得天昏地暗都阻止不了,没办法,只希望那边(新疆)警察能封山。 30日,记者从昌吉州党委宣传部和呼图壁县应急办获悉,15名疆内外驴友已经放弃反穿狼塔C线,但有部分驴友表示既然已经到了,想在呼图壁县冬牧场附近走一走。但目前已与他们失去了联系。 根据“昌吉发布”消息称,该线路沿线牧民已转场,属无人区,天山山区天气寒冷,不确定因素很多。呼吁驴友尽量不要冒险。 据悉,此次活动领队为昌吉一名网名为“树”的驴友,持新登协领队证,有多次夏季狼塔和一次冬季狼塔穿越经验。 记者了解到,这15名驴友选择的是反穿越,先坐车从昌吉出发到南疆巴伦台进入狼塔,相比较从呼图壁进入难度要小一些,这些驴友计划28日进入狼塔C线,徒步8天左右时间,在2014年1月3日穿越完成。 得知此事后,新疆山友救援队总队长杨军也在其个人微博上发布消息,劝说这些驴友谨慎行动。 呼图壁县应急办工作人员介绍,29日,他们与领队“树”取得联系,劝说他们在人员、装备未充分准备的情况下,切勿进山,况且冬季那里属于无人区,十分危险。如果执意进山,需在公安、旅游部门备案。 这名工作人员称,经过劝说,对方已放弃反穿计划,计划明年夏季再穿越,同时改变路线,带着四名上海驴友打算前往冬季牧场附近走走,计划5~6天返回。但他们依旧未在公安、旅游部门备案。 目前,领队“树”的电话一直处于关机状态,呼图壁县应急办已通知当地公安、旅游部门,密切关注事件动态,随时提供帮助。新疆登山运动管理中心副主任周勇说,冬季出于安全因素考虑,登山运动主管部门杜绝领队擅自带客人进山,如果是新疆登山协会颁发的领队证,领队不听劝说,主管部门将会注销其领队资质。 就是这篇消息,引发了一起轰动全国的驴友“失踪”事件。“蝴蝶效应”使得这则消息在短短的几天内发酵膨胀,其结果是当地政府高度紧张和关注,众多的驴友和民众担惊受怕……思量再三,决定还是回复一下这则消息。 1.“26日,其中一名驴友的姐姐“玲玲大人”跟帖称,弟弟27日的飞机从上海飞新疆,父母哭得天昏地暗都阻止不了,没办法,只希望那边(新疆)警察能封山。” 答:我队查无此人,希望他平安出山,尽快与家人联系。建议每一位计划穿越狼塔线的驴友,请一定和你的家人沟通好,得到家人的同意。 2. “30日,记者从昌吉州党委宣传部和呼图壁县应急办获悉,15名疆内外驴友已经放弃反穿狼塔C线,但有部分驴友表示既然已经到了,想在呼图壁县冬牧场附近走一走。但目前已与他们失去了联系。答:我队进狼塔线,携带有海事卫星电话一部,GPS导航仪三部,完全可以满足我队对外的通信联络和线路导航之用。为了节约用电,卫星电话通常是关闭的。深夜在线福利视频要求队员进山前通报家人,山内8天没有手机信号。深夜在线福利视频的队伍28日中午进入狼塔线就没有手机信号了,30日时深夜在线福利视频已经在蒙特开曾达坂,故没有手机没有信号属于正常。 3.得知此事后,新疆山友救援队总队长杨军也在其个人微博上发布消息,劝说这些驴友谨慎行动。答:真心感谢新疆山友救援队的关注和关心。 4. 记者了解到,这15名驴友选择的是反穿越,先坐车从昌吉出发到南疆巴伦台进入狼塔,相比较从呼图壁进入难度要小一些,这些驴友计划28日进入狼塔C线,徒步8天左右时间,在2014年1月3日穿越完成。答:我队于12月28日从古仁格勒进入狼塔,2014年1月3日从呼图壁林场出山,用时7天,与计划书一致。 5.“这名工作人员称,经过劝说,对方已放弃反穿计划,计划明年夏季再穿越,同时改变路线,带着四名上海驴友打算前往冬季牧场附近走走,计划5~6天返回。但他们依旧未在公安、旅游部门备案。”答:我参与过2013年8月22日和9月24日的两次狼塔救援,非常清楚狼塔救援的难度很大,要消耗大量的人力物力。所以,在接到呼图壁县应急办的劝阻电话后,领队组认真研究并制定的路线预案,计划带队伍先到巴仑台的蒙古冬季牧场深入三天,对每位队员的体能和装备做个全面的实地测试。期间如遇天气聚变不适宜穿越或队员体能不合格,马上撤退。巴仑台蒙古冬季牧场有牧民活动,也有马匹和牧屋,很安全。同时,冬季狼塔线上最寒冷的路段就分布在巴仑台的蒙古冬季牧场。在深夜在线福利视频的队伍进入冬季牧场后天气晴好,气温也在预测之内。夜间最低气温为-25℃,经过两天行走测试,队员的体能非常优秀,身体状态良好。于是深夜在线福利视频尝试着翻越南北疆的分界线蒙特开曾达坂,蒙特开曾达坂海拔高度3960米,是完整穿越狼塔线的关键点。30日下午6点,全队成功翻越蒙特开曾达坂,翻越难度和深夜在线福利视频之前预期的基本一致。最终才有了这次冬季狼塔线的完整穿越。 6.新疆登山运动管理中心副主任周勇说,冬季出于安全因素考虑,登山运动主管部门杜绝领队擅自带客人进山,如果是新疆登山协会颁发的领队证,领队不听劝说,主管部门将会注销其领队资质。答:没有备案是错误的,做为主领队,我要作深刻检讨。今后,深夜在线福利视频一定努力改进深夜在线福利视频的工作,及时向主管部门多汇报,和相关部门多沟通,同时,严格按照规定备案。 7.冬季狼塔线风险提示,作为第一支完整穿越冬季狼塔线的商业队伍的领队,在此提醒有计划冬季穿越狼塔的驴友,冬季穿越狼塔线有风险,请慎重对待并做好相应的准备:冬季狼塔线的综合难度和夏季狼塔基本一致,但需要防范的风险重点不同;夏季狼塔线最大的风险是反复过河,冬季狼塔线最大的风险是应对低温气候和积雪过厚,建议按照-35℃的极限低温来配备装备;同时冬季狼塔核心地区没有牧民,一旦出现险情,首先必须依靠队伍的自救能力来脱险和争取时间,所以深夜在线福利视频建议穿越队伍的人数在12人左右为宜;一支队伍必须携带一部卫星电话,以供紧急情况下使用。另外,每年的10月11月12月达坂上积雪会比较厚,翻越强度很大,加之河水尚未完全封冻,又无法沿着河谷行走,故不建议穿越狼塔线。每年的3月4月是雪崩的高发期,也不建议穿越狼塔线。 8.冬季狼塔线的风景描述: 与夏季有很大差异,冰瀑,冰河,温泉是冬季狼塔线的看点,狼、雪豹、雪鸡等野生动物在冬季活动更加频繁。更容易看到他们的踪迹。 9.感谢:感谢自治区应急办,感谢昌吉州人民政府和呼图壁县人民政府!感谢自治区登山协会!感谢新疆山友救援队和新疆蓝天救援队!感谢所有关注此次冬季狼塔穿越活动的媒体!感谢那些认识的不认识的真心关注深夜在线福利视频安全的朋友们!附本次活动召集帖链接:https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1940300-1-1.html 2014年冬季穿越狼塔线活动计划书(元旦 春节 寒假共四期) 一、狼塔之路的地理气候和背景资料 狼塔之路是以南北方向穿越中部天山的一条徒步探险线路,北起昌吉回族自治州南达巴音郭楞蒙古自治州。早在2003年,著名探险家王铁男老师率队从呼图壁林场出发,历经九天,抵达和静县巴仑台镇的古仁格勒村。这条以南北方向贯穿中天山的徒步探险路线被命名为狼塔之路,后来,又派生出了相对较简单两条徒步线路狼塔A线和狼塔B线。而这条贯穿天山南北的穿越路线就被驴友们称作狼塔C线,全程约120公里。 狼塔C线基本沿着河源峰东侧行进,河源峰海拔高度5290米,也被称作“狼塔”,意为有群狼守护的塔山,这也是狼塔之路名字的由来。狼塔C线是一条古老的天山驿道,也是牧民们祖祖辈辈使用的换季路线。上世纪七十年代,呼图壁县为了更好的利用狼塔地区的牧业资源,在河谷两侧的峭壁上开凿了许多栈道,以方便牧民转场使用。这就是驴友口中的“空中栈道”。随着户外探险活动在国内的兴起,狼塔C线以其独特的天山风光和高难度已经成为国内最受欢迎,知名度极高的徒步探险路线。 2011年8月,以驴友树为领队的5位驴友又开发出了从和静县巴仑台镇古仁格勒村至昌吉市庙尔沟农大林场的穿越路线,这是又一条穿越天山南北的徒步探险路线既狼塔v线,以及与狼塔c线的组合路线既狼塔c+v线。 狼塔c+v线全程约200公里,需要翻越9座达坂,已经成为国内最顶级的徒步探险路线。 狼塔之路穿越的中天山腹地,也是整个天山山脉山体最为宽厚的区域之一,山势变化复杂,河流众多,水流湍急。气候有垂直分布的特点,随着海拔升高,气温逐渐降低,降水量则逐渐加大。一般来说,海拔4000米左右为永久积雪和冰川带;雪线以下至海拔2700米之间为高山裸岩与高山草甸带;1700米至2700米高度之间为雪岭云杉分布带;1700米以下为山地草原带。蒙特开曾达坂为南北疆的分界线,南北两侧气候有明显差异,北边的呼图壁一侧气候湿润,而南边的和静县一侧气候较干燥。在海拔3800米的地方,年平均气温在零度左右,常常有阵雨,、阵性大风和冰雹,即便是夏季,夜里也会降到零度以下。冬季最冷可达-40℃。但在呼图壁一侧的河谷里,由于逆温带效应,即便是在最寒冷的冬季,最高气温可以达到零度左右。 蒙特开曾达坂南侧为巴音郭楞蒙古自治州管辖,以信仰佛教的蒙古族为主,北侧则属于昌吉回族自治州管辖,以信仰伊斯兰教的哈萨克牧民为主。蒙特开曾达坂南侧就是驴友口中著名的狼塔高山牧场,属于土尔扈特部蒙古人。公元1771年,从中国迁徙到伏尔加河下游生活了近200年的蒙古土尔扈特部族,由于不堪忍受沙俄王朝的种族灭绝政策,在其首领渥巴锡汗的率领下,扶老携幼,丢弃大量家什器皿和钱财,驱赶着五百万头牲畜,毅然从伏尔加河下游的阿斯特拉罕出发,浩浩荡荡,横穿哈萨克草原,向着中国的西北地区前进,经过半年多的长途跋涉,终于在1771年6月底全部回归祖国,胜利地完成了一次震撼中外的民族大迁移。这片草原就是乾隆皇帝划给他们的牧场,当时划分给他们的牧场还包括巴音布鲁克大草原等。二、低温和高反 在过去的2013年,最少有1000名来自全国各地的驴友穿越了狼塔之路,穿越时间集中在夏季的5月--10月初。其他季节很少有队伍穿越狼塔的。本文介绍的是一次冬季穿越狼塔的队伍以及他们的所见所闻。 冬季狼塔穿越路线:乌鲁木齐——和静——巴伦台——古仁格勒桥——哈拉哈提达坂(3800m)——乌苏牧场——金矿——两河岔口——喀纳尕依特达坂(3750m)——蒙特开曾达坂(3960m)——3450m小冰湖——狼塔木屋——小树林营地——库勒阿特腾达坂沟口——狼塔温泉(阿日相)——尔特兰塔河口——三号栈道——台普希玛可河口——果勒八号桥——二号栈道——头号栈道——呼图壁林场三工队——106煤矿——昌吉——乌鲁木齐。 全程约120公里,需要8天时间(2013年12月28日至2014年1月3日)。 关于狼塔线,目前最热门的穿越路线是:狼塔c线、狼塔v线;还有最为顶级的狼塔组合路线:狼塔c+v线。这三种狼塔线穿越的详情,网上资料很多,介绍的也很详细。不了解的可以去百度、谷歌上搜搜,这里不再赘述。 不过,当你看完网上的相关资料后会发现,穿越狼塔的时间都是集中在每年的5月至10月这六个月内,没有其他月份的穿越狼塔的。这到底是为什么呢?不同的季节都有不一样的风景,那其他季节的狼塔什么样子呢?特别是冬日的狼塔,能进去吗?它和夏天的狼塔有什么不一样?穿越难度如何?风景漂亮吗?最重要的是安全吗?…… 冬季的狼塔地区,牧民以及他们的羊群牛群早已经转场下山,变成了真正意义上的无人区。 于是狼塔地区就彻底成了野生动物的天堂,这里有传说中的天山雪豹;天山雪鸡也会在你帐篷边叽叽喳喳叫个不停,以至于吵得你难以入睡;神雕大鸟随处可见;至于那些驴友们想见而又真怕遇到到的恶狼,只有到了冬季才称得上是狼塔真正的主人,它们随时都有可能和你偶遇…… 那数不清的冰瀑冰河,颜色各异,千娇百媚、姿态万千;令你流连忘返,让你看个够、拍个爽。 至于传说中可以祛病强身的狼塔温泉,也只有在冬季河水水位下降了,才露出她的真实容颜来。也只有在冬季它才敞开怀抱,等待着拥抱那些不惧寒冷,千辛万苦来探望她的路人。 2013年12月28日,和静县。一支14人组成的冬季狼塔穿越队伍集结完毕,他们分别来自新疆、湖南、广东、浙江、北京等地,其中女队伍5人。中午由越野车送达穿越起点古仁格勒桥。这是出发时的合影(稍后上传们)狼塔c线的终点--古仁格勒桥古仑沟,驴友都称呼为古仁格勒。这里是和静县巴仑台镇古仑沟村的冬季牧场。今天的古伦沟地区天气晴好,气温-15℃左右,无风。刚开始的8公里路坡度平缓,海拔3000米左右,走起来很舒服,整个队伍以每小时4公里的速度前进。 63岁的老驴友鲜橙多多,只要休息就开始裸,说是这样补钙,也不知道管用不管用,我怎么觉得他是在显摆他的赘肉呢?妞妞只要不是在走路中,看着还算是一位非常文静秀气美女。 从牧民小砖房开始,坡度加大,队伍速度明显减缓。由于是第一天行走,许多队员都不在状态,加上冬季含氧量低的缘故,有一半队员出现不同程度的高山反应症状。在哈拉哈提达坂顶,深夜在线福利视频没敢多停留,直接下降到了乌苏牧场。哈拉哈提达坂海拔高度3800米,是此次穿越的第一座有难度的达坂。本来计划扎营到乌苏牧场的牧民房子,怕天黑赶路容易崴脚而放弃。直接扎营到了海拔3500米的河谷,营地积雪有10厘米左右。晚上最低气温达到-25℃.好在深夜在线福利视频是按照-30℃的气温准备的装备,晚上并没有觉得很冷。图中左侧的哈拉哈提达坂 右侧的是古仁格勒奎克达坂 第一天的营地,积雪厚度10厘米左右。 第二天的路线就是穿越乌苏牧场,乌苏牧场是一处冬季牧场,牧场上以放养牦牛为主。部分河道已经完全结冰,带上冰抓行走在冰河上,那种感觉对于来自南方的驴友来说既新鲜又有一定难度。在山脚下的一处牧民房子,深夜在线福利视频看到一只牧民捡回来的盘羊角,羊头完整,羊骨架上肉色鲜红,有被狼撕咬过的痕迹。盘羊属于国家一级保护动物,数量稀少,深夜在线福利视频穿越狼塔线最常见的是北山羊,很少能看到盘羊了。乌苏牧场至狼塔V线的绿湖一带是盘羊的重要栖息地,这里曾经是国际盘羊狩猎场。来自湖南的阿敏和达哥抬着盘羊头留影,达哥已经是第二次走狼塔了,2013年的7月她随深夜在线福利视频组织的第五期狼塔C+V线队伍走完全程。体能一流。 漫山遍野的牦牛是冬季牧场的主角。 鲜花总是喜欢和牛粪在一起 金矿已经停产,但满目沧桑的河道看着让人心痛,我甚至不愿意再用相机去拍,这是金矿职工用过笼梯。这户牧民家的房子本来是在小河边的草原上,疯狂的淘金活动,使得他的家周围变成的乱石坑。 至两河交叉处的这段河谷已经完全结冰,不用趟河,也不用爬山了,只需要一副好冰爪。 当晚的露营地选择在一处河谷草地,可以点篝火,比第一天的营地暖和 ,最低气温-20℃。海拔3000米。 2013年12月30日,今天的任务是翻越此行最高的达坂蒙特开曾达坂,海拔高度3960米。由于临近达坂顶部两侧没有好的营地,必须一天完成翻越,所以路线比较长。加上爬升高度超过了1000米,冬季高海拔空气中的含氧量更低,更容易出现高山反应,对整个队伍是个严峻的考验。也是此行能否顺利完成冬季狼塔穿越的关键。14人的队伍有5位女队员,是我组织的狼塔穿越队伍里女队员人数最多比例最高的一次,女队员由于背负能力比男队员弱,比例高则意味着男队员需要分担更多的背负。经过前两天的磨合,感觉队伍里的五位女队员体能耐力都不错,但有三人出现了不同程度的高山反应症状。新疆队员妞妞第一天就出现呕吐等高反症状,但她似乎恢复的很快,第二天基本就好了。现在最担心就是来自深圳的簪子,她的高反症状更严重一些。簪子是一位九零后,队伍里的小妹妹。有过6000米以上的登山经历还跑过全程马拉松,体能基础很好,但这次的高反依然持续了三天。在高反最严重的时候几乎是三步一喘,两步一歇。为此,我和豆浆、清风决定,一旦簪子的高反进一步加重,将由我或清风陪簪子从乌苏牧场撤退回古仁格勒。用卫星电话提前约好越野车在古仁格勒接应,乌苏牧场有牧民的马匹,最多半天就可以撤退出山。做好相应准备后,队伍早早就出发了。先要翻越喀纳尕依特达坂,达坂高度3750米。这是簪子在爬升途中,走的很累也很慢。 当后队簪子在痛苦中艰难爬升时,有人却正在享受的剧烈上升所带来快感,这是来自湖南的达哥,很男性化的名字,体能速度都是一流的,可以和当年的石头美女pk一下。当然,这只是达哥的一面。熟悉她的人都知道,达哥还是一位文采飞扬的才女,以下就是她在2013年7月参加第5期狼塔c+v全程穿越后的一段文字: …… 走狼塔,更大程度上源于体验和思考,不是失恋了,不是失业了,也不是失常了。 可能是失心了! 只想从固体生活中抽离,褪去时间、空间这一层皮,去寻觅另一个自己! 压根儿没想到要去挑战什么,对自然我天生敬畏,对自己我也不缺乏信心! ……这次是她重返狼塔了。 四个多小时的爬升,终于登顶喀纳尕依特达坂。高反使得簪子的脸部有轻微浮肿。这是簪子在乌鲁木齐火车站拍的对比一下。你说说你一个姑娘家的,到狼塔来干什么?而且还是在寒冷冬季,这下毁容的,回家得用多少化妆品才能补回来呀。2012年8月,第一期狼塔c+v穿越时豆浆给这座敖包上套的雨披已经风化的有点破旧。看着队员飞翔拍的这张照片,不由感叹,时光的确像一把杀猪刀。 从喀纳尕依特达坂到蒙特开曾达坂是沿着山坡横切的,只有200多米的爬升,距离约3公里,夏季时深夜在线福利视频只需要一个多小时就可以到达。但今天,簪子和我却走了五个多小时。总是感觉腿软绵绵的使不上劲。晚上在营地和豆浆交流也是这种体会,冬季含氧量低应该是最重要的原因。通往蒙特开曾达坂的路上基本没有什么雪,和夏季来时一个样子。据此推断,蒙特开曾达坂北侧的积雪也不会太厚。从南侧拍的蒙特开曾达坂垭口 从喀纳尕依特达坂到蒙特开曾达坂是沿着山坡横切的,只有200多米的爬升,距离约3公里,夏季时深夜在线福利视频只需要一个多小时就可以到达。但今天,簪子和我却走了五个多小时。总是感觉腿软绵绵的使不上劲。晚上在营地和豆浆交流也是这种感觉,冬季含氧量低可能最重要的原因。 后来,我和簪子又追上一直走在前面的北京女孩雯子,看着雯子迈着艰难的步伐走得很沉重。问她有什么不适应,她说没有什么不适应,就是腿上没有劲,走不快。 清风带着前队已经走了,豆浆在一避风处等深夜在线福利视频,同时还烧了一大锅野蘑菇汤,路过的队友每人一碗热汤。今天为了赶时间,中途没有集中休息和午餐,吃的是方便路餐,这时能喝上一碗热汤,真是很提神。后来有队员说,不是豆浆的这碗热汤,今天很难翻过蒙特开曾达坂。天色渐晚,太阳马上就要落山了。雯子已经落到了队伍的最后面。 等雯子、簪子和我爬上海拔3960米的蒙特开曾达坂顶时,天已经完全黑透了,气温急剧下降,好在今天达坂顶没有风。深夜在线福利视频没在达坂顶逗留,沿着前队趟开的雪路迅速下降,以快速降低海拔高度。原来预测蒙特开曾达坂的北坡可能会有半米以上的积雪,结果发现深夜在线福利视频错了,积雪厚度最深处也就三十厘米,冰川下半部的积雪还有坚硬的雪盖,完全可以承受一个人的重量,连趟雪都省了。走在后队的队员甚至不需要带雪套就顺利下来了。用了不到一个小时,就走完了一公里多长蒙特开曾冰川,时间已经是晚上八点多钟了,再往下的路线都是在乱石堆里穿行,不适合夜行,于是直接在冰川末梢的石头滩扎营。这里海拔约3600米。晚上最低气温-25℃。至此,冬季狼塔穿越路线上最难的卡脖子路段已经完成。这是蒙特开曾冰川下的营地 晚上,有五六级的阵风。早晨起来,挨着鼻子部分的睡袋边缘结了一层薄冰,内帐上结了厚厚的一层霜,轻轻碰触,就会像下雪一样洒落在帐篷内。 三、野兽 12月31日,早晨的营地太冷,没有吃早饭,计划先下降至海拔2800米的狼塔木屋附近。队伍速度很快。两个多小时后,到达了狼塔牧屋。 2013年9月25日这里曾经有过一次轰动全国的狼塔救援事件,大连驴友因患有急性胃穿孔,最后动用了新疆军区的直升飞机参与救援。作为熟悉狼塔地区的新疆领队,应大连队的求助,我参与他们自9月24日就开始的自救行动,提供了力所能及的救援指导和帮助,详情这里就不多介绍了。因为最后军区出动了直升飞机参与救援,并成功救出了生病的队员。 深夜在线福利视频的这次冬季穿越狼塔活动也是差点“被救援”,动静着实不小。其实在我看来,深夜在线福利视频对自然的恐惧多来自于未知,对狼塔路线的不了解才是我们恐惧的真正原因所在。我想通过这个帖子,向所有关注狼塔的朋友介绍一个全面的而生动的狼塔,而不是“谈狼(塔)色变”。 自步入户外以来,虽然探过十几条新线路,包括著名的狼塔v线,但我从未想着要去挑战什么,更不会去拿自己和队友的生命去冒险。以往的帖子里我也从未用过“挑战”二字。 我带队有两条原则:一是没有把握的路线不带;二是自己掌控不了的队伍也不带。一条路线风险的高低和穿越该路线的队伍是相关联的,同样的一条路线,有的队伍去走是安全的,而有的队伍去走就是危险的。不能一概而论。这也是为什么有队伍在乌鲁木齐的南山都频频出险的原因。太阳照着很暖和,晒睡袋、帐篷并烧水做饭,早饭午饭合并一起吃了。昨天因高反走在后面的雯子和簪子,今天却开始发飙,一直跟着前队的步伐前进,我从早晨起来就没有见着她俩的影子。河谷里气温达到-5℃左右。太阳晒在身上暖融融的,很是舒服。 尔特兰塔河已经完全封冻,需要穿着冰爪行走。这是雯子在下冰坡,和昨天判若两人。不光在山路上跑的飞快,即使是在冰瀑、冰坡上行走也是大步流星、身轻如燕。难道她昨天是故意假装淑女的? 路过著名的尔特兰塔河谷小树林营地,积雪有10厘米左右,继续前行,找到一处绝好的冬季营地,草地平整入席,基本没有积雪。晚上燃起篝火。今天是2013年的最后一天,也是进入狼塔以来走的最轻松的一天,晚饭炒了三个菜,牛肉炖干茄子,木耳炒肉,羊肉炖干豆角,主食是米饭,很丰盛。队友们喝酒聊天一直到凌晨零点,迎来了新的一年2014年。晚上气温-15度左右,已经完全没有了前三天的寒冷感觉。在已经结冰河水中取水,只能凭经验找出冰比较薄的地方开洞取水。点火,找水这样的技术活基本都是清风一人包了。([]
Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享,俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦,俺先来个免责声明:1。杨同学不认识俺,也没有授权俺,如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止;2。俺没有商业目的,译版版权归杨同学,俺啥也不要,也不承担法律责任;3。没有杨同学授权,不敢擅自发在国外网站,发在原帖处,荣誉归8264;4。俺英语水平有限,欢迎指正,欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分,不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦,希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子,原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co, where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30), 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evalsuate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
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很早以前就一直有一个愿望,希望有一天,一个人能去一个自己向往的地方生活一段时间,看看那边美丽的风景、体验独特的奇风异谷、感受多姿多彩的民族文化。终于有一天无法承受工作的压力和城市的暄嚣,毅然的辞职,离开了自己工单位,背上自己的行囊来到了向往以久的彩云之南,开始自己漫长的行程。第一站来到滇西北的中心-丽江,一座有着七百多年历史的文化古城,同时也是全球唯一拥有三项世界遗产的历史名城。 这是我拍的丽江古城全景! 张开双臂拥抱丽江,丽江我终于来了!坐在这里晒太阳、发呆、看令人震憾的古城全景,也不愧为一种享受!享受丽江温暧的阳光白墙青瓦、飞檐翘角,构成古城的独特风景,这也是我见过最大片的民居古宅。胆子够大吧,爬上房顶,坐在屋檐拍古城全景! 展示一下秀发!站在古城的最高处拍写真,古城全景一览无遗!声名一下,我并没有破坏古迹,都是小心翼翼上去的身后是大片大片的古城民居古宅作一个高难度的动作,请勿模仿清晨古城内的宁静的街道! 散满阳光的青石板路! 朝阳中的古城小巷 丽江古城的中心四方街,在旅游开发之前,这里曾经是一个集贸市场,现在成为了古城的中心广场!清晨的四方街几乎没有游客,只有勤劳的清洁工![ ]古城的入口的帜—大水车!大水车前高垂的柳树,绿色的植物显得郁郁葱葱,充满着无限生机! 两座水车,有人说它是子母水车,也有人说它是情人水车。在大水车留影! 绿柳成阴,日光媚!一架轱辘转动的大水车,水车声和人流声汇成了一曲动听的交响乐,让人迷恋,举起相机拍下这美丽的瞬间!身后是转到的大水车,享受丽江柔软时光![ ]清晨古城的街道! 清晨的古城,店铺尚未开门,更显古朴与宁静!走在古城的青石板上,迎着朝阳去上学的小朋友! 清晨的古城,店铺尚未开门,更显古朴与宁静!朝阳中的古城街道!古城深处的小巷仍有许多原住民居住蓝天下的古城小巷 撒满阳光的古城街道沐浴在朝阳中 古城内最大的一座桥——大石桥!大石桥留景来丽江之前也做了不少功课,上网搜索到一家新开的客栈,名字也很意思—丽江的云,房间很温馨,条件不错!我在天涯看到资料:https//cache.tianya.cn/techforum/content/686/585.shtml躲在客栈的摇椅上发呆,也是一种享受古色古香的纳西族庭院,撒满温暧的阳光 客栈一角温馨的小院处处充满阳光!蓝天下的纳西民居我住的单间,连床上用品都那么有个性,温馨! 房顶带天窗,白天看蓝天白云,晚上看星星月亮!云,还是一位摄影发烧友,房间墙上挂的相片,都是他亲自拍的!房间宽敞明亮、温馨舒适,卫生间也很大,非常的干净,我觉得不亚丁住星级酒店!最让我喜欢的是每个房间居然都有一台超大宽屏的液晶电脑、独立电话,随时上网,打电话,都不再多收费用,真是爽到家了,我觉得这是性价很高,我都可以不用带很重的笔记本和花费昂贵的长途话费了。房费而且也非常实惠,打完折下来才100元间,这种带电脑的客房据说在古城内也是很少有的,真是配服这家院子的主人的独具匠心!客栈位于古城中心,离四方街很近,出入很方便,老板的QQ:18380181MSN;anly12@hotmail.comTEL:13988885727[ ]清晨八点逃票去黑龙潭,玉龙雪山印在湖水中,形成一幅美丽的画卷!纳西族人心中的神山—玉龙雪山!蓝天、白云印在湖水 碧绿的湖水远处的玉龙雪山,海拨:5596米!我的行程安排全是由丽江当地的一家知名的户外俱乐部全程安排的,行程游记我会陆续发表出来,俱乐部的网站是www.523j.cn,我选了A线加C线,他们的成人深夜福利视频还不错,决定下次别的线路还找他们!n[ ]黑龙潭内的得月楼四面临水,有桥与岸上相连。得月楼三层四角攒尖顶,造型舒展。每层均有雕花门窗,工艺精细考究。此楼始建于清光绪二年(1876年),楼名取自古人对联"近水楼台先得月、向阳花木早逢春"中三字。1963年重建时,中国现代著名文学家郭沫若写了"得月楼"三个秀美的大字和两副对联。 层次分明 黑龙潭内的梅园 满园春色盛开的桃花 梅花特写这种花很美,但我叫不上名字来,拍出来的效果不错! 黑龙潭碧绿的湖水 湖边的柳树([]
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